Focus on London 2000

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Foreword = 3
• Introduction = 12
• The London boroughs (Map) = 14
• 1 An overview of London = 15
• 2 Population = 17
• General comparisons
• Table 2.1 Cities in Europe, 1997 = 18
• Trends in total population
• Table 2.2 Population trends and projections = 18
• Map 2.3 Population change = 19
• Components of population change
• Table 2.4 Mid-year estimate change analysis 1991-1998 = 20
• Table 2.5 Live births, deaths and natural change = 21
• Fertility
• Table 2.6 Age-specific fertility rates and total fertility rates = 21
• Mortality
• Map 2.7 Standardised mortality ratios, 1998 = 22
• Migration and other changes
• Table 2.8 Net migration and other changes = 23
• Table 2.9 Migration to and from London： by age, 1997-98 = 23
• Population density
• Map 2.10 Population density： by ward, 1991 = 24
• Population structure
• Table 2.11 Population： by age = 25
• Ethnic origin
• Table 2.12 Population： by ethnic group, 1998-99 = 26
• Asylum seekers and international migrants
• Table 2.13 International migration flows to and from London = 27
• Household structure
• Table 2.14 Households, 1998 = 28
• 3 The environment = 29
• The use of land and buildings
• Table 3.1 Land cover, 1988-1991 = 30
• Map 3.2 Land cover by kilometre square, 1988-1991 = 30
• Table 3.3 Change in land use, 1994 = 31
• Table 3.4 Derelict land, 1993 = 31
• Table 3.5 Planning applications, 1998-99 = 32
• Table 3.6 Industrial and commercial buildings and floorspace = 32
• Protected land
• Map 3.7 London's Green Belt, 1995 = 33
• Historic buildings and areas
• Map 3.8 Environmental designations, 1995 ： = 33
• Waste generation and disposal
• Map 3.9 London Waste Disposal Authorities, 2000 = 34
• Table 3.10 Waste Management = 35
• Table 3.11 Draft National targets for municipal waste recycling and recovery = 35
• Table 3.12 Estimated composition of waste collected by refuse collection vehicles, 1997-98 = 36
• Air quality
• Chart 3.13 Annual average smoke and sulphur dioxide levels = 36
• Chart 3.14 Annual average concentrations of selected pollutants = 37
• Table 3.15 Estimated contribution of road traffic to total emissions, 1996 = 38
• Map 3.16 Estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides, 1995 = 38
• River and canal water quality
• Map 3.17 River and canal water quality, 1996-1998 = 39
• Table 3.18 Percentage of river length for each quality grade, 1996-1998 = 40
• Table 3.19 Water pollution incidents： by source, 1998 = 40
• Noise pollution
• Table 3.20 Vehicle noise： prosecutions and convictions, 1997 = 41
• Table 3.21 Noise complaints received by Environmental Health Officers, 1997-98 = 41
• Weather report 1998
• Chart 3.22 Annual rainfall = 42
• Chart 3.23 Daily mean temperature = 42
• 4 Housing = 43
• The housing stock
• Table 4.1 Housing stock： by tenure = 44
• Table 4.2 Council house sales = 44
• Table 4.3 Household characteristics = 45
• Vacant stock
• Table 4.4 Vacant housing stock = 46
• Stock conditions
• Table 4.5 Poor housing conditions： by tenure, 1996 = 46
• Stock changes
• Table 4.6 New dwellings completed： by sector = 47
• Chart 4.7 House building： completions = 48
• Access to housing
• Table 4.8 Supply of permanent lettings by local authorities and demand met, 1998-99 = 48
• Chart 4.9 Lettings by local authorities to selected rehousing groups = 49
• Chart 4.10 Nominations to Registered Social Landlords = 49
• Homelessness
• Table 4.11 Households in temporary accommodation = 50
• Chart 4.12 Types of temporary accommodation used, 1999 = 50
• Housing costs
• Chart 4.13 Dwelling prices = 51
• Table 4.14 County Court mortgage possession actions = 51
• Table 4.15 Indices of selected average housing costs： by tenure = 52
• 5 The economy = 53
• Gross domestic product
• Table 5.1 Gross domestic product at current prices： by local area = 54
• Chart 5.2 Gross domestic product per head as a percentage of the UK average = 54
• Table 5.3 City-regions in the European Union with above-average GDP per head, 1995-1997 = 55
• Table 5.4 Resident-based gross domestic product： at current prices = 56
• Table 5.5 Workplace-based gross domestic product： at current prices = 56
• Table 5.6 Components of gross domestic product = 57
• Chart 5.7 Share of gross domestic product： by industry group,. 1996 = 57
• Major economic sectors
• Chart 5.8 Financial／business services' contribution to gross domestic product = 58
• Chart 5.9 Public administration and defence's contribution to gross domestic product = 58
• Chart 5.10 Manufacturing industries' contribution to gross domestic product = 59
• Table 5.11 Net capital expenditure and gross value added in manufacturing = 59
• Business
• Table 5.12 Classification of business Sites, 1999 = 60
• Map 5.13 Percentage change in the number of manufacturing industry sites, 1996-1998 = 60
• Map 5.14 Percentage change in the number of service industry sites, 1996-1998 = 61
• Table 5.15 Manufacturing and service industry business sites： by employment size band, 1999 = 62
• Table 5.16 VAT-registered enterprises： by turnover size band; 1999 = 62
• Table 5.17 Business registrations and deregistrations = 63
• Table 5.18 Business survival rates = 64
• Chart 5.19 Value of construction work = 65
• Map 5.20 Provisional Objective 2 funding area 2000-2006 = 66
• 6 The labour market = 67
• Glossary of terms = 68
• Employment
• Table 6.1 Components of employment = 69
• Chart 6.2 Employees and the self-employed = 69
• Table 6.3 Employees working part-time = 70
• Industrial and occupational composition
• Table 6.4 Industrial composition of employee jobs = 70
• Map 6.5 Employee jobs in manufacturing industries, 1997 = 71
• Map 6.6 Employee jobs in service Industries, 1997 = 71
• Table 6.7 Occupations of employees, Spring 1999 = 72
• Earnings
• Table 6.8 Gross weekly earnings, April 1999 = 72
• Table 6.9 Average gross weekly earnings： by occupational group, April 1999 = 73
• Table 6.10 Average weekly hours of full. time employees = 73
• Unemployment
• Chart 6.11 Unemployment rates = 74
• Table 6.12 Claimant count： by age and duration (computerised claims only), October 1999 = 74
• Labour force and economic activity
• Table 6.13 Age structure of the labour force = 75
• Table 6.14 Economic activity rates： by gender = 76
• Table 6.15 Economic activity： by ethnic origin, 1998-99 = 77
• Job losses
• Chart 6.16 Redundancies = 78
• 7 Education and training = 79
• Schools and pupils
• Table 7.1 Under fives in school = 79
• Chart 7.2 Headcount of pupils： by type of school = 80
• Table 7.3 Distribution of pupils： by size of school, 1997／98 = 80
• Table 7.4 Distribution of pupils in maintained secondary schools： by type of school, 1998／99 = 81
• Table 7.5 Grant-maintained schools： numbers and pupils = 82
• Table 7.6 Average class sizes = 82
• Table 7.7 Pupil-teacher ratios： by type of school = 83
• Table 7.8 Pupil absence from maintained schools, 1998／99 = 84
• Further and Higher Education
• Table 7.9 16 and 17 year olds participating in education or training = 84
• Table 7.10 Higher education students at institutions in London, 1997／98 = 85
• Job-related training
• Table 7.11 Employees receiving job-related training = 86
• Adult education
• Table 7.12 Enrolments on LEA adult education courses = 86
• Educational attainment
• Table 7.13 Examination achievements of young people： by gender, 1998／99 = 87
• Table 7.14 Trend in GCSE／GCE A level examination results： by gender = 88
• Chart 7.15 Attainment of National Learning Targets for Young People = 88
• Qualifications of the adult population
• Table 7.16 Economically active of working age： by highest qualification
• achieved, Spring 1999 = 89
• Chart 7.17 Attainment of National Learning Targets for economically active adults = 89
• Spending on education
• Chart 7.18 Local government expenditure per pupil at constant prices = 90
• 8 Living in London = 91
• Income levels
• Table 8.1 Distribution of gross household income, 1996-99 = 92
• Table 8.2 Gross household income： by source, 1996-99 = 92
• Table 8.3 Households in receipt of social security benefits, 1997-98 = 93
• Saving and spending
• Table 8.4 Methods of saving used by households, 1997-98 = 93
• Table 8.5 Household expenditure： by commodity and service, 1996-99 = 94
• Chart 8.6 Households with selected durable goods, 1996-99 = 94
• Table 8.7 Household consumption of selected foods = 95
• Deprivation
• Map 8.8 Index of Local Deprivation： by borough, 1998 = 96
• Table 8.9 Most severely deprived districts in England, 1998 = 96
• Mortality and morbidity
• Chart 8.10 Infant Mortality = 97
• Table 8.11 Age-adjusted mortality rates： by cause and gender, 1998 = 97
• Table 8.12 Prevalence of limiting long-standing illness = 98
• Smoking, drinking and drugs
• Table 8.13 Cigarette smoking amongst people aged 16 or over： by gender = 98
• Table 8.14 Alcohol consumption amongst people aged 16 or over： by gender = 99
• Table 8.15 Drug misuse by people aged 16 to 29： 1996 and 1998 = 99
• Crime and justice
• Table 8.16 Notifiable offences recorded by the police and percentage cleared up = 100
• Table 8.17 Offences committed against households, 1997 = 100
• Table 8.18 Persons found guilty of, or cautioned for, indictable offences： by age and gender, 1998 = 101
• Table 8.19 Sentences for indictable offences： by gender, 1998 = 102
• Table 8.20 Fear of crime, 1998 = 102
• 9 Tourism and leisure = 103
• Numbers and expenditure of visitors
• Chart 9.1 Number of visits to London = 104
• Table 9.2 Numbers of and expenditure by visitors to London = 104
• Origins and destinations of visitors
• Table 9.3 Origin of overseas visitors： top ten countries of residence = 105
• Table 9.4 Reasons for visiting London = 105
• Table 9.5 Types of accommodation in London used by tourists, 1998 = 106
• Table 9.6 Number of bedspaces in London, 1999 = 106
• Visitor attractions
• Table 9.7 Top tourist attractions： by number of visits, 1998 = 107
• Facilities for residents
• Table 9.8 Average weekly television viewing = 107
• Table 9.9 Sports facilities, 1999 = 108
• Table 9.10 Frequency of cinema attendance = 108
• Table 9.11 Attendances by London residents at cultural events, 1997 = 109
• Spending on leisure
• Table 9.12 Average weekly household expenditure on leisure activities, 1996-99 = 109
• The National Lottery
• Table 9.13 National Lottery grants over ￡ 10 million made to organisations in London = 110
• Londoners abroad
• Table 9.14 Trips taken abroad, 1998 = 111
• Chart 9.15 Individual consumption expenditure abroad as a proportion of total consumption = 111
• The business of leisure
• Table 9.16 Leisure-related sites： by type, 1999 = 112
• Table 9.17 Employee jobs in leisure-related industries, September 1997 = 112
• 10 Travel and communications = 113
• Household spending on travel
• Table 10.1 Household expenditure on travel,1996-99 = 113
• Distance travelled
• Table 10.2 Distance travelled per person per year： by mode of transport = 114
• Table 10.3 Distance walked and cycled per person per year = 114
• Purpose of journeys
• Table 10.4 Journeys per person per year： by journey purpose = 115
• Car ownership
• Table 10.5 Households with cars = 116
• Licences
• Chart 10.6 Vehicles registered = 117
• Traffic
• Table 10.7 Average traffic speeds = 117
• Table 10.8 Road traffic movements = 118
• Map 10.9 London's transport infrastructure, 1999 = 119
• Table 10.10 Where London's residents and in-commuters work, 1991 = 120
• Table 10.11 People entering central London during morning peak 7-1Oam = 120
• Table 10.12 Bus traffic = 121
• Table 10.13 Underground rail traffic = 121
• Chart 10.14 Passengers handled at London area airports = 122
• Road accident casualties
• Table 10.15 Road casualties = 122
• Table 10.16 Casualties： by mode of travel, 1998 = 123
• Freight
• Table 10.17 Freight traffic in London： goods lifted = 123
• Communications
• Table 10.18 Telecommunications quality-top ten European cities = 124
• Table 10.19 Household expenditure on telephone and postal services, 1996-99 = 124
• 11 Public services = 125
• Health
• Map 11.1 London Health Authorities within the London Regional Office = 125
• Table 11.2 Hospital activity： all specialities = 126
• Table 11.3 Hospital waiting lists = 127
• Table 11.4 General practitioners, 1998 = 128
• Table 11.5 Prescriptions, 1998 = 128
• Table 11.6 NHS Hospital and Community Health Services staff, 1998 = 129
• Table 11.7 Immunisation of children = 130
• Social Services
• Table 11.8 Staff of local authority social services departments, 1998 = 130
• Table 11.9 Mental illness needs index = 131
• Table 11.10 Non-residential community care, 1998 = 131
• Table 11.11 Residential care, 1998 = 132
• Table 11.12 Day care places available for children under eight = 132
• Table 11.13 Children and young people on child protection registers, 1999 = 133
• Table 11.14 Children looked after by local authorities, 1999 = 134
• Emergency Services
• Police
• Map 11.15 Police Areas in London = 134
• Table 11.16 Police personnel, 1999 = 135
• Table 11.17 Costs of police services, 1998-99 = 135
• Table 11.18 Police services, 1997-1998 = 136
• Fire services
• Map 11.19 London Fire Brigade Command Areas = 137
• Table 11.20 Fire Brigade staffing and costs, 1999 = 137
• Table 11.21 London Fire Brigade： analysis of incidents = 138
• London Ambulance Service
• Map 11.22 London Ambulance Service Divisions = 138
• Table 11.23 Ambulance services： by priority of patient journey, 1998-99 = 139
• Table 11.24 London Ambulance Service： response times = 139
• The Courts and Probation Services
• Table 11.25 Work of magistrates' courts, 1998 = 140
• Table 11.26 Work of the Crown Court, 1998 = 140
• Table 11.27 Work of the London County Courts = 141
• 12 London government = 143
• London government - administrative changes
• Chart 12.1 New administrative bodies for London = 143
• Table 12.2 Results of the Greater London Authority Referendum, May 1998 = 144
• Chart 12.3 Role of the Mayor = 144
• Chart 12.4 Role of the Assembly = 145
• Map 12.5 Greater London Assembly Constituencies = 145
• The London boroughs
• Table 12.6 State of the parties in the London boroughs, February 2000 = 147
• Appendix
• Table A2.1 Estimated mid-year resident population, London boroughs, 1998 = 148
• Table A2.2 Components of population change, London boroughs, 1991-1998 = 150
• Table A2.3 Vital statistics, 1998 = 151
• Table A2.4 Migration to and from the UK regions = 152
• Table A2.5 Households, 1998 = 153
• Table A3.1 Commercial and industrial buildings and floorspace, 1994 = 154
• Table A3.2 Historic buildings, 1998 = 155
• Table A3.3 Management of Municipal Solid Waste in London, 1998-99 = 156
• Table A3.4 London air quality monitoring stations, January 2000 = 158
• Table A4.1 Housing stock： by tenure, 1998 = 159
• Table A4.2 Dwellings： by type, 1991 = 160
• Table A4.3 Vacant housing stock, 1999 = 161
• Table A4.4 Allocation of local authority dwellings, 1998-99 = 162
• Table A4.5 Households temporarily accommodated by local authorities, March 1999 = 163
• Table A4.6 Comparative housing costs of a two bedroom dwelling： by tenure, 1998-1999 = 164
• Map A5.1 NUTS 3 Areas in London = 165
• Table A5.2 Gross domestic product and factor incomes = 165
• Table A5.3 Gross domestic product： by industry group = 166
• Table A5.4 Household income and household disposable income = 166
• Table A5.5 Individual consumption expenditure = 167
• Table A5.6 Individual consumption expenditure： by function = 167
• Table A6.1 Labour market statistics = 168
• Table A6.2 Highest grants from the European Social Fund to projects in London： by priority measure and organisation, 1998-99 = 169
• Table A7.1 Key statistical indicators for maintained schools = 170
• Table A8.1 Measures of deprivation = 171
• Table A8.2 Notifiable offences known to the police： by offence group and borough, 1998.99 = 172
• Table A9.1 Number of bedspaces in London： by borough, 1999 = 173
• Table A9.2 Visitors to top 20 tourist attractions = 174
• Table A9.3 Sports facilities： by borough, 1999 = 175
• Table A10.1 Licensed vehicles = 176
• Table A10.2 Commuting patterns, 1991 = 177
• Table A10.3 Commuting： by main mode of travel, 1991 = 178
• Table A10.4 Fatal and serious road casualties： by type of road user, 1998 = 179
• Table A10.5 Employee jobs in transport and communications, September 1997 = 180
• Table A10.6 Cable TV availability, 1999 = 181
• Table A11.1 Hospital activity, all Specialities, 1997-98 = 182
• Table A11.2 Hospital waiting lists, 1999 = 184
• Table A11.3 General Medical Practices and Practitioners, 1998 = 185
• Table A11.4 Prescriptions, 1998 = 186
• Table A11.5 Immunisation of children,1998-99 = 187
• Table A11.6 Summary of social services activity, 1998 = 188
• Table A11.7 London Fire Brigade： analysis of special service incidents = 189
• Table A11.8 Work of the Probation Service： by type of supervision, 1998 = 190
• Notes and Definitions = 191
• References and further reading = 201
• Contact points = 205
• Index = 209