Torts and compensation : personal accountability and social responsibility for injury

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = ⅴ
• TABLE OF CASES = xxxiii
• PART Ⅰ. PROTECTION OF PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
• SUBPART A. INTENTIONAL TORTS TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY
• Chapter 1. Introduction = 4
• 1. What Is Torts About? = 4
• a. What Is Tort Law? = 4
• b. Economic and Dignitary Torts = 6
• c. Physical Injury and the Law = 7
• d. Freedom, Accountability and Social Responsibility = 8
• 2. Reading Tort Cases: Trial Procedure = 10
• a. Order of Trial = 10
• b. Procedural Devices Raising Legal Issues = 11
• Chapter 2. Establishing a Claim for Intentional Tort to Person or Property = 21
• 1. Battery = 21
• Van Camp v. McAfoos = 21
• Notes = 23
• Whitley v. Andersen = 25
• Notes = 26
• Garratt v. Dailey = 29
• Notes = 32
• Davis v. White = 33
• Notes = 34
• Walker v. Kelly = 34
• Notes = 37
• Polmatier v. Russ = 38
• Notes = 41
• 2. Assault = 43
• McCraney v. Flanagan = 43
• Dickens v. Puryear = 44
• Notes = 47
• Holcombe v. Whitaker = 47
• Cullison v. Medley = 48
• Notes = 48
• Alteiri v. Colasso = 49
• Notes = 51
• 3. False Imprisonment = 51
• Hardy v. LaBelle's Distributing Co = 51
• Notes = 53
• 4. Intentional Infliction of Mental Distress = 54
• LaBrier v. Anheuser Ford, Inc. = 54
• Note on Restatement Second of Torts §46 (1965) = 57
• Notes = 57
• 5. Torts to Property = 62
• a. Trespass to Land = 62
• b. Conversion of Chattels-Trover = 63
• c. Trespass to Chattels = 66
• 6. Forcible Harms as Civil Rights Violations = 67
• 42 U.S.C.A. §1983 = 67
• Notes = 67
• Shillingford v. Holmes = 68
• Notes = 69
• Chapter 3. Defenses to Intentional Torts-Privileges = 73
• 1. Protecting Against the Apparent Misconduct of the Plaintiff = 73
• a. Self-Defense = 73
• b. Defense of Third Persons = 75
• c. Arrest and Detention = 75
• Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Paul = 75
• Lewis v. Farmer Jack Division, Inc. = 77
• Notes = 78
• d. Defense of Property and Recapture of Chattels = 78
• Katko v. Briney = 78
• Notes = 80
• Brown v. Martinez = 80
• Notes = 81
• e. Discipline = 82
• Thomas v. Bedford = 82
• Notes = 84
• f. Observing Privileges = 84
• 2. The Special Case of Consent = 85
• Bailey v. Belinfante = 86
• Ashcraft v. King = 88
• Kennedy v. Parrott = 88
• Notes = 88
• Problem = 91
• 3. Privileges Not Based on Plaintiff's Conduct = 91
• Surocco v. Geary = 92
• Wegner v. Milwaukee Mutual Ins. Co. = 94
• McGovern v. City of Minneapolis = 96
• Notes = 97
• Ploof v. Putnam = 98
• Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co = 99
• Notes = 101
• SUBPART B. LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENTLY CAUSED PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL HARMS
• Chapter 4. Elements of the Prima Facie Case for Negligence = 104
• 1. Introduction = 104
• a. Negligence Practice = 104
• b. The Public Point of View = 105
• c. Assessing Responsibility = 106
• d. The General Formula for Negligence Cases = 107
• 2. The General Duty of Care = 107
• a. The Due Care or Prudent Person Standard = 107
• Wilson v. Sibert = 108
• Notes = 111
• Butler v. Acme Markets, Inc. = 112
• Coburn v. City of Tucson = 112
• Donaca v. Curry County = 112
• Notes = 112
• Sanders v. Walden = 114
• Notes = 115
• Breunig v. American Family Insurance Co. = 119
• Notes = 119
• Explanatory Note: Insurance = 120
• Robinson v. Lindsay = 121
• Notes = 123
• Hill v. Sparks = 125
• Fredericks v. Castora = 125
• Notes = 126
• b. Specification of Duties-Negligence a Matter of Law = 126
• Marshall v. Southern Railway Co. = 126
• Note = 127
• Chaffin v. Brame = 127
• Notes = 128
• Martin v. Herzog = 129
• Note = 129
• Tedla v. Ellman = 130
• Notes = 131
• Impson v. Structural Metals, Inc. = 131
• Notes = 133
• Mississippi Power Co. v. Jones = 134
• Rudes v. Gottschalk = 134
• Notes = 136
• Mundy v. Pirie-Slaughter Motor Co. = 137
• Carter v. Sommerville & Son = 137
• Notes = 137
• Wright v. Brown = 138
• Haver v. Hinson = 139
• 2. The General Duty of Care-Continued
• Notes = 140
• Note Alternatives to the Negligence Per Se Rule = 141
• Wendland v. Ridgefield Construction Services, Inc. = 142
• Notes = 144
• Problem = 145
• 3. Breach of Duty: Negligence = 146
• a. The Concept of Negligence = 146
• Problem = 146
• Notes = 147
• O. Holmes, The Common Law = 147
• Indiana Consolidated Insurance Co. v. Mathew = 148
• Notes = 150
• Stinnett v. Buchele = 151
• Notes = 152
• McFarland v. Kahn = 153
• Bernier v. Boston Edison Co. = 153
• Notes = 157
• Dorset Yacht Co. Limited v. Home Office = 158
• Note = 158
• United States v. Carroll Towing Co. = 159
• Notes = 160
• Note: Applying the Risk-Utility Formula = 160
• A Note on the Syntax of Duty and Negligence = 162
• b. Proof of Negligence = 164
• (1) Proof of Conduct = 164
• Gift v. Palmer = 164
• Notes = 165
• Lode v. Mercanio = 166
• Notes = 169
• Forsyth v. Joseph = 171
• Notes = 171
• Note: Witnesses' Opinions as to Facts and Factual Inferences = 172
• Johnson v. Yates = 173
• Notes = 173
• (2) Evaluation of Conduct as "Negligence" Proof or Persuasion? = 174
• Problem = 174
• Notes = 174
• Delmarva Power & Light v. Stout = 175
• Flom v. Flom = 175
• Sokolowski v. Medi Mart, Inc. = 176
• Notes = 177
• Duncan v. Corbetta = 178
• Notes = 178
• McComish v. DeSoi = 179
• Note = 180
• The T. J. Hooper = 180
• Notes = 182
• c. Res Ipsa Loquitur = 183
• (1) Basic Features of the Doctrine = 184
• Byrne v. Boadle = 184
• Notes = 186
• Valley Properties Limited Partnership v. Steadman's Hardware, Inc. = 186
• Note: Procedural Effect of Res Ipsa Loquitur = 186
• Wise v. Timmons = 188
• Note = 188
• Note: Attributing Fault to Defendant Rather Than to Others = 188
• Problem = 191
• (2) Is Negligence More Probable Than Not? = 191
• Warren v. Jeffries = 191
• Notes = 192
• Widmyer v. Southeast Skyways, Inc. = 193
• Notes = 196
• 4. Cause in Fact = 197
• a. The But-for Test of Causation = 198
• Salinetro v. Nystrom = 198
• Notes = 199
• b. Problems With and Alternatives to But-for Tests = 200
• Note: Liability of Two or More Persons = 200
• Landers v. East Texas Salt Water Disposal Co. = 201
• Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway = 203
• Notes = 205
• Problem = 206
• c. Proof: What Was Caused? = 206
• Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Electric Co. = 206
• Notes = 207
• Summers v. Tice = 208
• Note = 210
• Wollen v. Depaul Health Center = 210
• Fennell v. Southern Maryland Hosp. Center, Inc. = 211
• Notes = 214
• A Note on Mass Exposure and Toxic Torts Causation = 217
• An End Note = 219
• 5. Legal or "Proximate" Cause = 219
• a. The Basic Rule Choices = 220
• In re Arbitration Between Polemis and Furness, Withy & Co., Limited = 220
• Notes = 221
• Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Limited v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co., Limited (The Wagon Mound) = 222
• Notes = 226
• Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. = 226
• Notes = 228
• Note: Violation of Statute and "Proximate Cause = 229
• b. Qualifying and Applying the Risk Rules = 230
• (1) Manipulating the Risk Rule = 230
• Hughes v. Lord Advocate = 230
• Notes = 232
• Doughty v. Turner Manufacturing Co., Limited = 232
• Note Thin Skull Cases = 233
• Note: The Fire Cases = 234
• (2) Is the Risk Rule Right? = 235
• c. Qualifying and Applying the Direct Cause Rule = 236
• Watson v. Kentucky & Indiana Bridge & Railroad = 237
• Notes = 237
• Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp. = 238
• Notes = 241
• Sheehan v. City of New York = 241
• Notes = 243
• O'Neill v. City of Port Jervis = 243
• Ventricelli v. Kinney System Rent a Car, Inc = 244
• Note = 245
• Copple v. Warner = 245
• Hairston v. Alexander Tank & Equipment Co. = 245
• Marshall v. Nugent = 246
• Notes = 248
• Lynch v. Fisher = 250
• Note: Suicide = 250
• Note: Second Injury = 251
• Note: Intervening Forces of Nature = 252
• Note: = 252
• d. The Lawyer's Role = 252
• Problem = 254
• Chapter Five. Defenses = 255
• 1. Contributory Negligence = 255
• a. Contributory Negligence as a Potential Bar to Recovery = 255
• Butterfield v. Forrester = 255
• Notes = 256
• b. Contributory Negligence to Reduce Recovery-"Comparative Negligence" = 257
• New York-McKinney's Civ.Prac.Law §1411 = 257
• Wisconsin Stat.Ann. 895.045 = 257
• Brittain v. Booth = 258
• Notes = 258
• Wassell v. Adams = 259
• Notes = 264
• c. What Remains of the All-or-Nothing Approach? = 265
• (1) Last Clear Chance or Discovered Peril = 265
• (2) Intended or Reckless Misconduct = 267
• (3) Statutes and Special Duties to the Plaintiff = 268
• Bexiga v. Havir Manufacturing Corp. = 269
• Bramlette v. Charter-Medical-Columbia = 270
• McNamara v. Honeyman = 270
• Notes = 271
• (4) Conduct Not an Actual or Proximate Cause = 272
• (5) Plaintiffs Illegal Activity = 273
• Barker v. Kallash = 273
• Note = 274
• (6) Rescue Doctrine and Comparative Fault = 274
• Govich v. North American Systems, Inc. = 274
• Ouellette v. Carde = 274
• (7) Res Ipsa Loquitur and Comparative Negligence = 275
• (8) The Special Problems of Seat Belt and Other Pre-Injury Devices to Minimize Harm = 275
• 2. Assumption of the Risk = 278
• Boyle v. Revici = 279
• Tunkl v. Regents of University of California = 279
• Ciofalo v. Vic Tanney Gyms, Inc. = 280
• Note = 280
• Gross v. Sweet = 280
• Jones v. Dressel = 281
• Notes = 284
• Prosser & Keeton, Prosser & Keeton on Torts 490 = 285
• Rickey v. Boden = 285
• Notes = 286
• Murray v. South Carolina Railroad = 287
• Notes = 288
• Siragusa v. Swedish Hospital = 289
• Note = 289
• Sunday v. Stratton Corp = 290
• Notes = 290
• Turcotte v. Fell = 291
• Gauvin v. Clark = 293
• Notes = 294
• 3. Statutes of Limitation = 297
• Crumpton v. Humana, Inc. = 297
• Note = 298
• Shearin v. Lloyd = 299
• Notes = 299
• Schiele v. Hobart Corp = 300
• Note = 302
• Note: Latent Potential Harm = 303
• Meiers-Post v. Schafer = 305
• O'Neal v. Division of Family Services = 309
• Lovelace v. Keohane = 309
• Notes = 310
• Note: Limitations Not Based on Accrual = 311
• Note: Policy and Solutions = 312
• 4. Compliance With Statute = 313
• Miller v. Warren = 313
• Note = 314
• Chapter 6. Special or Limited Duties of Care = 315
• A. Standards Based on Danger
• 1. Does the Duty Vary With Danger? = 315
• Blueflame Gas, Inc. v. Van Hoose = 315
• Note = 316
• B. Duties Based on Class or Status of Parties
• 2. Carriers, Host-Drivers and Landowners = 316
• a. Carriers = 316
• Doser v. Interstate Power Co. = 316
• b. Host-drivers = 317
• Ala. Code 1975, §32-1-2 = 317
• Andert v. Fuchs = 317
• Notes = 317
• c. Landowners = 319
• (1) Duties of Landowners and Occupiers = 319
• Ward v. K Mart Corporation = 323
• Griebler v. Doughboy Recreational, Inc. = 328
• Notes = 329
• (2) Classifications of Those on the Land = 330
• Zuther v. Schild = 331
• Burrell v. Meads = 332
• Notes = 333
• Krauth v. Geller = 334
• Lipson v. Superior Court of Orange County = 335
• Phillip Morris, Inc. v. Emerson = 336
• Rosa v. Dunkin' Donuts of Passaic = 336
• Notes = 337
• Anicet v. Gant = 338
• Notes = 340
• Rowland v. Christian = 341
• Notes = 344
• Scurti v. City of New York = 344
• Notes = 345
• d. Lessors = 347
• Pagelsdorf v. Safeco Insurance Co. of America = 347
• Notes = 348
• Problem = 351
• 3. Duties of Professionals: Medical Malpractice = 352
• a. Traditional Duties in Traditional Practice = 352
• Walski v. Tiesenga = 352
• Notes = 354
• Vergara v. Doan = 355
• Notes = 357
• Note: Specialists = 358
• Kerkman v. Hintz = 359
• Notes = 360
• Note: A Reasonable Person Standard = 362
• Miller v. Trinity Medical Center = 363
• Rogers v. Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma = 363
• Note: Other Professionals = 364
• Smith v. Knowles = 365
• Notes = 368
• Kelly v. Hartford Casualty Insurance Co. = 368
• Salathiel v. State = 371
• Perkins v. Hausladen = 372
• Ybarra v. Spangard = 374
• Note: Good Samaritan Statutes = 377
• Schloendorf v. Society of New York Hospital = 378
• Harnish v. Children's Hospital Medical Center = 378
• Woolley v. Henderson = 381
• Notes = 381
• Arato v. Avedon = 384
• Truman v. Thomas = 386
• Notes = 386
• b. Things Change = 387
• (1) The Medical Malpractice "Crisis" and Statutory Responses = 387
• (2) Medical Costs, Containment Efforts and Tort Standards = 389
• Smith v. Richmond Mem. Hospital = 391
• (3) Strict and Limited Liability Proposals = 395
• (4) Other Medical Issues = 397
• Note: Immunities = 398
• 4. Family Members = 398
• Note: The Traditional Family Immunities = 398
• Goller v. White = 400
• Notes = 401
• 5. Charities = 402
• 6. Governmental Entities and Officers = 403
• a. Traditional Immunities and Their Passing = 403
• b. The Federal Tort Claims Act = 405
• (1) The General Structure of the FTCA = 405
• (2) The Feres Exception = 406
• Brooks v. United States = 406
• Feres v. United States = 406
• Notes = 406
• (3) The Discretionary or Basic Policy Immunity = 408
• 28 U. S. C. A. §2680(a) = 408
• Loge v. United States = 408
• Notes = 410
• Dube v. Pittsburgh Corning = 411
• Note = 412
• Lockett v. United States = 412
• c. Immunities Under State Law = 416
• Riss v. City of New York = 416
• De Long v. County of Erie = 418
• Harry Stoller and Co., Inc. v. City of Lowell = 418
• Notes = 419
• Stewart v. Schmieder = 420
• Notes = 422
• Problem = 423
• Thompson v. County of Alameda = 423
• Notes = 425
• d. Officers = 426
• Penthouse, Inc. v. Saba = 426
• Notes = 427
• e. State and Municipal Liability Under §1983 = 428
• f. Relation of Public Employee Liability to Public Entity Liability = 430
• James v. Prince George's County = 430
• Notes = 431
• C. Limited Duties to Protect Against Certain Types of Harm
• Introductory Note: Economic Harm = 431
• 7. The Duty to Protect Against Mental, Emotional and Related Harms = 432
• Boucher v. Dixie Medical Center = 433
• Notes = 437
• Thing v. La Chusa = 439
• Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals = 440
• Note = 443
• Burgess v. Superior Court = 444
• Notes = 445
• Miley v. Landry = 446
• Notes = 446
• Note: Compensation for Trivial Distress = 446
• Note: Effects of Compensation = 447
• 8. Prenatal Torts = 448
• Note: Prenatal Injury = 448
• Notes = 449
• Renslow v. Mennonite Hospital = 449
• Albala v. City of New York = 450
• Note = 450
• Berman v. Allan = 451
• Becker v. Schwartz = 455
• Notes = 456
• Wilson v. Kuenzi = 457
• Note = 457
• Lynch v. Bay Ridge Obstetrical and Gynecological Associates, P.C. = 458
• 9. Wrongful Death and Survival = 460
• Magee v. Rose = 461
• Notes = 464
• Curtis v. Finneran = 465
• Note = 468
• W. L. Harper Company v. Slusher = 468
• Notes = 468
• Klossner v. San Juan County = 469
• Notes = 470
• Note: Parties and Procedure = 471
• Note: Defenses = 471
• D. Duties to Take Affirmative Action
• 10. Nonfeasance = 473
• a. The General Rule = 473
• Newton v. Ellis = 473
• Note = 474
• Yania v. Bigan = 474
• Notes = 475
• b. Exceptions and Qualifications = 476
• South v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. = 476
• Maldonado v. Southern Pacific Transportation Co. = 476
• Farwell v. Keaton = 477
• Krieg v. Massey = 478
• Notes = 479
• DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Services = 481
• Notes = 490
• Sinthasomphone v. City of Milwaukee = 491
• Note = 492
• 11. Contract and Duty = 492
• Thorne v. Deas = 492
• Notes = 494
• Leavitt v. Twin County Rental Co = 494
• Mobil Oil Corp. v. Thorn = 494
• DCR Inc. v. Peak Alarm Co. = 495
• Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. DeLanney = 496
• Winterbottom v. Wright = 496
• Note = 497
• H. R. Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co. = 498
• Notes = 500
• Phinney u. Boston Elevated Ry. Co. = 501
• Notes = 502
• Note: Shifting Duty by Contract = 502
• Florence v. Goldberg = 504
• Kircher v. City of Jamestown = 505
• Notes = 506
• Note: Content of Duty Derived From "Undertakings" = 507
• 12. The Duty to Protect From Third Persons = 508
• Nallan v. Helmsley-Spear, Inc. = 508
• Notes = 511
• Butler v. Acme Markets, Inc. = 512
• Notes = 513
• Parish v. Truman = 514
• Hosein v. Checker Taxi Co., Inc. = 514
• Note = 515
• Fazzolari v. Portland School Dist. No. 1J = 515
• Notes = 516
• Note: Lessor's Duty to Tenant = 517
• Rosales v. Stewart = 518
• Notes = 518
• Dudley v. Offender Aid and Restoration of Richmond, Inc.= 519
• Notes = 520
• Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California = 521
• Notes = 525
• DiMarco v. Lynch Homes-Chester County, Inc. = 527
• Notes = 528
• Olson v. Ische = 529
• West American Insurance Company v. Turner = 529
• McGee v. Chalfant = 529
• Williams v. Bumpass = 530
• Vince v. Wilson = 530
• Brigance v. Velvet Dove Restaurant, Inc. = 531
• Notes = 534
• Problems for Discussion = 536
• SUBPART C. STRICT LIABILITY AT COMMON LAW
• Chapter 7. Vicarious Liability = 540
• Riviello v. Waldron = 541
• Fruit v. Schreiner = 542
• Notes = 542
• Hinman v. Westinghouse Electric Co. = 542
• Faul v. Jelco, Inc. = 545
• Notes = 546
• Edgewater Motels, Inc. v. Gatzke = 547
• Notes = 551
• Kastner v. Toombs = 553
• Note = 555
• Leaf River Forest Products, Inc. v. Harrison = 556
• Notes = 558
• Jackson v. Power = 559
• Note = 560
• Boroughs v. Joiner = 560
• Notes = 561
• Becker v. Interstate Properties = 563
• Notes = 567
• Note: Agents Who Are Not Servants = 568
• Note: Other Forms of Vicarious Responsibility = 568
• Chapter 8. The Common Law Development of Strict Liability = 572
• 1. Strict Liability for Trespassory Torts and the Advent of Fault Theory = 572
• Weaver v. Ward = 574
• Notes = 574
• Brown v. Kendall = 576
• Notes = 579
• 2. Strict Liability After Brown v. Kendall = 580
• a. Trespassing Animals = 580
• b. Nuisance = 581
• Bamford v. Turnley = 581
• Notes = 583
• A Short Side-Trip: Nuisances Today = 585
• Rylands v. Fletcher = 588
• Notes = 592
• Sullivan v. Dunham = 594
• Notes = 594
• Exner v. Sherman Power Construction Co. = 595
• Notes = 596
• Note on the Restatement Rules of Strict Liability = 596
• 3. Strict Liability Today = 597
• a. The Subjects of Strict Liability = 597
• b. Legal Cause in Strict Liability Cases = 601
• c. Affirmative Defenses to Strict Liability Claims = 603
• d. Strict Liability Under Statutes = 603
• 4. The Future of Strict Liability = 605
• Cairl v. City of St. Paul = 605
• Notes = 607
• Chapter 9. Strict Liability for Products = 609
• 1. Development of Strict Liability for Products Causing Physical Harm = 609
• Introductory Note: The "Citadel of Privity" and Its Fall = 609
• Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Fresno = 612
• Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. = 615
• Notes = 617
• Moorman Manufacturing Co. v. National Tank Co. = 619
• Notes = 623
• Note: Justifications for Strict Liability = 624
• 2. Establishing a Prima Facie Case of Strict Liability-What is a Defective Product? = 625
• a. Production Flaws or Manufacturing Defects-"Non-generic" Risks = 625
• Lee v. Crookston Coca-Cola Bottling Co. = 625
• Notes = 628
• Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court = 629
• Jackson v. Nestle-Beich, Inc. = 629
• b. Design and Information Defects"Generic Risks = 630
• (1) Nature of Defects and Standards for Judging = 630
• Leichtamer v. American Motors Co. = 630
• Notes = 630
• Knitz v. Minster Machine Co. = 631
• Notes = 633
• (2) How Does Strict Liability Differ From Negligence? = 634
• Cochran v. Brooke = 634
• Note = 636
• Barker v. Lull Engineering Co. = 636
• Note = 637
• Brown v. Superior Court = 637
• Shanks v. Upjohn Co. = 638
• Notes = 644
• Note: Warnings = 649
• (3) Applying the Tests = 651
• Campbell v. General Motors Corp. = 651
• Wilson v. Piper Aircraft Corp. = 652
• Notes = 654
• (4) Proof = 656
• Turpin v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. = 656
• Notes = 662
• (5) Post-Sale Information or Events = 665
• High v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp. = 665
• Notes = 668
• Reid v. Spadone Machine Co. = 669
• Notes = 671
• Hughes v. Magic Chef, Inc. = 672
• Notes = 675
• 3. Defenses and Related Issues = 676
• a. Contributory Negligence and Assumed Risk = 676
• Bowling v. Heil Company = 677
• Notes = 680
• b. Compliance with Overriding Standards-Statute, Specifications and Federal Preemption = 682
• (1) Note on Compliance With Statute = 682
• Tenn. Code Ann. §29-28-104 = 683
• (2) Note on "Preemption" of Liability Rules by Compliance With Overriding Law: The Cipollone Example = 683
• (3) Compliance With Specification: Government Contractors and Others = 685
• Boyle v. United Technologies Corporation = 685
• Notes = 691
• c. Statutes of Limitation = 693
• 4. Extending Liability: Beyond the Manufacturer of New Goods = 695
• a. Tangible Goods and Property = 695
• b. Intangibles-Services and Endorsements = 698
• Newmark v. Gimbel's Inc. = 698
• Notes = 701
• United Blood Services, Div. of Blood Systems, Inc. v. Quintana = 703
• Notes = 708
• 5. Taking Stock = 708
• a. Some Difficulties With Strict Products Liability = 708
• b. New Directions = 710
• SUBPART D. PROBLEMS IN TORT THEORY AND PRACTICE
• Chapter 10. Practical Problems in Lawyering Tort Cases = 714
• 1. An Introduction to the Institution of Insurance = 714
• a. The Basic Insurance Coverages = 714
• b. The Liability Insurer's Duties = 717
• 2. Settlement and Negotiation = 718
• a. Introduction = 718
• b. Effect of Pre-settlement Dealings = 720
• Crosby v. Southeast Zayre, Inc. = 720
• Notes = 721
• c. Improvident Settlements = 721
• Gleason v. Guzman = 722
• Bernstein v. Kapneck = 727
• Notes = 728
• Alfone v. Sarno = 728
• Notes = 729
• d. Lawyers and Settlement = 730
• Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility = 730
• Notes = 730
• 3. Settlement and Trial With Multiple Defendants = 730
• a. The Traditional Allocation of Responsibility Among Multiple Defendants = 730
• Ascheman v. Village of Hancock = 734
• Notes = 736
• b. New Forms of Apportionment = 736
• American Motorcycle Association v. Superior Court = 736
• Notes = 737
• Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Nest-Kart = 738
• Notes = 741
• Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly and Company = 742
• Notes = 748
• c. Calculating and Manipulating Rights in Settlement and Trial With Multiple Defendants = 751
• Problems = 751
• Notes = 752
• Problem = 752
• Notes = 753
• West's Ann.Cal.Code Civ.Proc. §877 = 754
• Notes = 754
• Cardio Systems, Inc. v. Superior Court = 754
• Note = 755
• Cartel Capital Corp. v. Fireco of New Jersey = 755
• Notes = 756
• Tucson v. Gallagher = 758
• Notes = 760
• d. Joint and Several Liability Under "Tort Reform" Statutes = 760
• West's Ann.Cal.Civ.Code §1431.2 = 760
• Evangelatos v. Superior Court = 761
• Notes = 764
• 4. Settlement and Trial With Multiple Claimants = 767
• Jess v. Herrmann = 768
• Note = 771
• Brown v. Hughes = 772
• Fikes v. Johnson = 772
• Notes = 772
• Keith v. Glenn = 773
• Notes = 774
• Graci v. Damon = 775
• Notes = 776
• Feltch v. General Rental Co. = 777
• Notes = 778
• 5. Damages = 778
• a. Proving and Computing Basic Damages = 778
• Martin v. United States = 780
• Notes = 783
• Johnson v. West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc. = 784
• Notes = 785
• McDougald v. Garber = 787
• Notes = 791
• West's Ann.Cal.Civ.Code §3333.2 = 792
• Md.Code, Courts & Judicial Proc. §11-108 = 792
• Notes = 792
• Lucas v. United States = 794
• Notes = 798
• Note on Abolishing or Limiting Pain and Suffering Damages = 799
• b. Adjustments in Damages = 801
• Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. = 801
• Notes = 806
• Note on Other Damages Adjustments: The Collateral Source Rule and Its Cousins = 808
• c. Punitive Damages = 810
• Dan Dobbs, The Law of Remedies = 810
• Notes = 812
• Note: Limiting Punitive Awards = 813
• 6. Collecting Awards = 816
• Mutual of Enumclaw Insurance Co. v. Wiscomb = 817
• Notes = 817
• Problem = 818
• Notes = 818
• Clemmons v. Travelers Insurance Co. = 818
• Notes = 819
• Note: Policy Limits = 819
• Shearer v. Reed = 820
• Notes = 823
• Chapter 11. Problem's in Tort Theory = 825
• 1. Thinking About Tort Concepts = 826
• a. The Duty Analysis or the Proximate Cause Analysis? = 826
• Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad = 826
• Notes = 830
• b. The Proximate Cause Analysis or the Actual Cause Analysis = 832
• Ford v. Trident Fisheries Co. = 832
• Notes = 832
• c. The Actual Cause Analysis or the Duty Analysis? = 834
• Gardner v. National Bulk Carriers, Inc. = 834
• Notes = 835
• d. The Role of Concepts and Theory = 836
• Prosser v. Keeton = 836
• Notes = 837
• e. The Role of Comprehensive Theories = 839
• 2. Thinking About Moral and Economic Theories of Tort Law = 840
• a. Theories Based on Morality or Corrective Justice = 841
• (1) Corrective Justice and Its Alternatives = 841
• (2) The Content of Corrective Justice = 841
• Notes = 846
• b. Theories Based on Social Interests or Public Policy = 846
• (1) A Note on Economic Analysis of Torts = 846
• (2) Risk and Utility = 849
• (3) Calabresi: Accident Costs = 850
• Notes = 853
• (4) Taxing Dangerous Activities to Provide Compensation = 853
• Chapter 12. Taking Stock: How Good Are the Tort Systems? = 855
• A. Rules, Practices and Theories Tort Law
• B. Tort Wars
• C. The Impact of Tort Law on the Injury Prblem Problems With the Tort System? = 860
• SUBPART E. NON-COMMON LAW SOLUTIONS TO INJURY PROBLEMS
• Chapter 13. Workers' Compensation = 868
• 1. Introduction = 868
• a. The Employer's Tort Liability at Common Law = 868
• b. The Adoption of Workers' Compensation = 869
• c. Characteristics of the Statutes = 870
• d. Coverage = 871
• e. Benefits = 872
• 2. Job Related Injury = 875
• a. Course of Employment = 875
• Jaeger Baking Co. v. Kretschmann = 875
• Notes = 877
• b. Arising Out of Employment = 878
• Union Colliery Co. v. Industrial Commission = 878
• Notes = 878
• McCarter v. La Rock = 879
• Notes = 880
• Filitti v. Lerode Homes Corp = 881
• State Industrial Commissioner v. Leff = 882
• Notes = 882
• Carvalho v. Decorative Fabrics Co. = 883
• Prows v. Industrial Commission of Utah = 885
• J. & W. Janitorial Co. v. Industrial Commission of Utah = 885
• Notes = 886
• Kerr-McGee Corp. v. Hutto = 887
• Notes = 887
• c. Accident, Injury and Disease = 888
• Virginia Electric & Power Co. v. Cogbill = 888
• Notes = 890
• Palmer v. Del Webb's High Sierra = 893
• Notes = 897
• Jackson Township Volunteer Fire Co. v. W.C.A.B. (Wallet) = 898
• d. Multiple Exposure or Injury = 900
• Union Carbide Corp. v. Industrial Commission = 900
• Bracke v. Baza'r, Inc. = 900
• Notes = 901
• 3. Exclusive Remedy and Third Party Torts: Meshing Negligence and Strict Liability = 902
• a. Exclusive Remedy Against the Employer = 902
• Martin v. Lancaster Battery Co., Inc. = 902
• Notes = 905
• Kerans v. Porter Paint Co. = 906
• Notes = 910
• Elliott v. Dugger = 912
• b. Tort Claims Against Third Parties = 912
• 1. Who Is a "Third Party" = 912
• 2. The Statutory Employer = 914
• Pinter Construction Company v. Frisby = 914
• Garcia v. City of South Tucson = 916
• Notes = 918
• Kowalski v. Shell Oil Co. = 918
• Notes = 919
• 3. Adjustments Among the Parties = 920
• (A) The Employer's Subrogation Claim Against Tortious Third Parties = 920
• United States v. Lorenzetti = 920
• Notes = 923
• (B) The Third Party's Claim Against the Negligent Employer = 924
• Lambertson v. Cincinnati Corp = 924
• Notes = 926
• Chapter 14. Social Security Disability Benefits = 927
• 42 U.S.C.A. §423 = 928
• Notes = 929
• McLain v. Schweiker = 931
• Notes = 932
• Heckler V. Campbell = 934
• Notes = 936
• Marbury v. Sullivan = 937
• Notes = 938
• Chapter 15. Private Insurance Solutions = 940
• 1. Optional Private Insurance Alternatives = 940
• a. Within the Tort Systems = 940
• b. Outside the Tort System = 941
• Note = 943
• 2. Compulsory Private Insurance: No-Fault = 943
• a. No-Fault Auto Insurance = 944
• New York Insurance Law = 945
• Notes = 946
• Notes = 947
• Problem = 947
• Notes = 948
• Licari v. Elliott = 948
• Notes = 952
• b. Adopting or Extending No-Fault = 953
• c. Some No-Fault Issues = 954
• Chapter 16. Evaluating Injury Systems: A Discussion Agenda = 955
• PART Ⅱ. PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC AND DIGNITARY INTERESTS
• Chapter 17. Communication of Harmful Impressions to Others-Personal = 960
• 1. Defamation-Libel and Slander = 960
• Cassidy v. Daily Mirror Newspapers, Limited = 960
• Notes = 961
• New York Times Co. v. Sullivan = 964
• Notes = 967
• Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. = 968
• Notes = 973
• Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. = 975
• Notes = 976
• 2. Malicious Prosecution and Other Abuses of the Legal System = 976
• a. Malicious Prosecution = 976
• b. Improper Civil Litigation = 980
• Friedman v. Dozorc = 980
• Notes = 982
• c. Abuse of Process = 983
• 3. Privacy = 984
• Taylor v. K.T.V.B., Inc = 985
• Cape Publications, Inc. v. Bridges = 986
• Notes = 987
• 4. Interference With Family Relationships = 989
• Chapter 18. Communicating Harmful Impressions to Others-Commercial = 991
• 1. Injurious Falsehood = 991
• 2. Trademark Infringement = 994
• Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc. v. Pussycat Cinema, Limited = 997
• Notes = 999
• 3. Misappropriation of Commercial Value = 1000
• Carson v. Here's Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc = 1000
• Notes = 1001
• International News Service v. Associated Press = 1001
• Notes = 1002
• Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co. = 1003
• Notes = 1005
• Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co. = 1006
• Notes = 1007
• 4. Interference With Contract and Other Economic Values = 1007
• Alyeska Pipeline Service v. Aurora Air Service = 1010
• Notes = 1012
• Caruso v. Local Union Number 690, International Brotherhood of Teamsters = 1014
• Notes = 1016
• Chapter 19. Fraud and Other Misdealings = 1018
• 1. Theories of Liability and Their Consequences = 1018
• Derry v. Peek = 1019
• Notes = 1019
• Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, Niven & Co. = 1020
• Notes = 1022
• Notes = 1024
• Gauerke v. Rozga = 1025
• Notes = 1026
• 2. Reliance and Related Doctrines = 1027
• Pinnacle Peak Developers v. TRW Investment Corp. = 1029
• Notes = 1031
• 3. Duty to Disclose = 1032
• Ollerman v. O'Rourke Co., Inc. = 1032
• Notes = 1035
• 4. Legal Cause or Scope of Duty = 1036
• Chapter 20. Tort Actions to Protect Civil Rights = 1038
• 1. Privacy = 1038
• Birnbaum v. United States = 1039
• Notes = 1040
• York v. Story = 1041
• Notes = 1041
• 2. Due Process = 1042
• Wilkinson v. Skinner = 1042
• Carey v. Piphus = 1043
• Notes = 1045
• 3. Discrimination = 1046
• International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc. = 1048
• Notes = 1053
• INDEX = 1055