Improving the exporting capability of grain cooperatives

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Highlights = ⅳ
• Recommendations = ⅴ
• Overview of world trade in grain = 2
• Wheat = 3
• Historical observation, 1970／71 - 1973／74 = 3
• U.S. role in world trade of wheat = 3
• Projections of world trade in wheat to 1985 = 6
• Feedgrains = 8
• Historical observations, 1970／71 - 1973／74 = 8
• U.S. role in world trade of feedgrains = 8
• Projections of world trade in feedgrains to 1985 = 8
• Soybeans = 11
• Historical observations, 1970／71 - 1973／74 = 11
• U.S. role in world trade of soybeans = 11
• Projections of world trade in soybeans to 1985 = 13
• Implications for U.S. grain = 14
• Wheat = 14
• Feedgrains = 14
• Soybeans = 14
• Profile of U.S. grain export marketing = 17
• Major exporters = 17
• Characteristics of major exporters = 18
• The major exporters' markets = 19
• Distribution of U.S. grain = 19
• World market share = 19
• Summary = 22
• Characteristics of U.S. grain export sales = 22
• Types of markets = 22
• Establishing connections = 23
• Terms of delivery = 24
• Responsibilities of exporter = 24
• Capacity and volume of U.S port elevators = 24
• Elevator storage capacity = 24
• Volume of grain exported = 27
• Port elevator volume-to-capacity ○ = 29
• Adequacy of port elevators = 29
• Future export volume = 29
• Implications for additional port facilties = 29
• Transportation and grain flow to ports = 30
• Importance of transportation to U.S. grain exports = 30
• Inland transportation = 31
• Major grain flows to U.S. ports = 35
• Problems in grain flow = 38
• Procurement for export = 39
• Sources of grain for export = 39
• How producers sell grain = 40
• Recent developments in export procurement = 40
• Grain export marketing in the present cooperative system = 42
• Cooperative export marketing = 42
• Reason for indirect exports = 42
• Cooperatives making direct exports = 44
• Comparison of direct cooperative exporters with the major exporters = 45
• Cooperative direct export markets = 46
• Distribution of cooperatives'sales = 46
• Cooperatives' world market share = 48
• Comparison of major exporters' and cooperatives' markets = 48
• Characteristics of cooperative direct grain export sales = 50
• Types of markets = 50
• Establishing connections = 51
• Terms of delivery = 51
• Organizational structure = 51
• Organization of local and regional grain cooperatives = 52
• Evaluation of organizational structure = 53
• Cooperative elevators and grain movements to U.S. ports = 54
• Inland cooperative elevators = 54
• Cooperative port elevators = 55
• Export movement to port elevators = 56
• Evaluation = 62
• Commitment for export = 64
• Producer-local commitment = 65
• Local-regional = 66
• Regional-export organizations = 67
• Evaluation = 67
• Financing = 68
• Cooperatives' strong financial base = 69
• Ratio of total revenues to total assets = 69
• Recommendations = 70
• Sales strategy = 71
• General sales policy = 71
• Sales strategy requirements = 71
• Organizational structure = 72
• Justification for one export cooperative = 72
• Major functions of the export cooperative = 72
• Facilities and transportation = 72
• Port elevation facilities = 74
• Changes in transportation = 74
• Commitment = 74
• Seasonal export pool = 74
• Other commitment methods = 75
• Capital requirements = 75
• Reactions by competitors = 77
• Procurement pressure = 77
• Merchandising pressure = 77
• Legal and government pressure = 77
• Business cooperation = 77
• Appendix 1 - World grain economy regions = 78
• Appendix 2 - Assumptions for 1985 - low and high level demand projections for grain = 80
• Appendix 3 - Regional grain cooperatives that ship grain to port elevators for export = 81
• Appendix 4 - Problems associated with appraising fixed assets = 82
• Appendix Tables = 83