Mediamaking : mass media in a popular culture

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xi
• PART Ⅰ. Placing the Media
• 1. Media in Context = 3
• Media and Mediation = 8
• Defining and Distinguishing the Media = 8
• Mediation = 14
• Two Models of Communication = 15
• The Transmission Model = 16
• The Cultural Model = 18
• Contrasting the Two Models = 21
• Media and Power = 26
• Power as Effect = 26
• Power as Control : Consensus and Conflict = 28
• 2. Narratives of Media History = 33
• Theories of the Masses = 34
• From Social Relationship to Culture = 35
• From Culture to Society = 35
• Form Oral to Electronic Culture = 38
• The Oral Culture = 39
• Writing Culture = 41
• Print Culture = 42
• Electronic Culture = 44
• Criticisms of Technological Determinism = 47
• From Modernity to Postmodernity = 49
• 3. Media People and Organizations = 59
• Mediamaking and Levels of Analysis = 59
• Media People = 60
• Media Organizations and Industries = 60
• Media as Institutions =62
• Media and Culture = 63
• Mediamaking in Context = 66
• People = 66
• Organization and Industries = 70
• Institutions = 75
• Relations With Other Institutions = 82
• 4. Media and Money = 89
• A Primer of Economic Terms =90
• Economics and the Media = 93
• The Sources of Media Support = 93
• Competition Among the Media = 100
• Profit in the Media Industries = 105
• PART Ⅱ. Making Sense of the Media
• 5. Meaning = 121
• The Meaning of Meaning = 123
• Where Is Meaning? = 124
• What Is Meaning? = 126
• Semiotics and the Meaning of Meaning = 128
• Codes and Meaning = 129
• Meaning and Difference = 131
• Signs and Meaning = 135
• Semiotic View of Meaning = 138
• Meaning and Competence = 141
• 6. The Interpretation of Meaning = 147
• The Nature of Interpretation = 148
• What Is the Text to Be Interpreted? = 149
• What Question Is the Text Answering? = 149
• How Does a Text Communicate? = 151
• Interpretation and the Author = 151
• Techniques of Interpretation = 154
• Content Analysis = 156
• Genre Theory = 159
• Narrative Analysis = 161
• Semiotics = 168
• The Analysis of Visual Texts = 174
• 7. Ideology = 177
• Ideology, Reality, and Representation = 178
• Reality and Theories of Ideology = 184
• A Realistic Theory of Ideology = 186
• Experience and Ideology = 189
• Social Construction and Ideology = 191
• Ideology and Struggle = 195
• PART Ⅲ. The Power of the Media
• 8. Producing Identities = 205
• Construction the Audience = 208
• The Audience as Market : Consumers = 209
• The Audience as Market : Commodity = 215
• Representing Identities = 218
• Representation as Stereotypes = 220
• Representation as Cultural Construction = 225
• 9. Consuming the Media = 235
• The Role of the Audience = 239
• Functions of the Media = 244
• Social Functions = 245
• Individual Functions = 246
• The Critique of Functionalism = 248
• The Social Psychology of Consumption = 250
• The Sociology of Consumption = 257
• The Geography of Media Consumption = 257
• Media Consumption and Social Relations = 262
• Fans, Fashion, and Subcultures = 267
• The Availability of Media Consumption = 271
• 10. Media and Behavior = 277
• Behavioral Effects = 278
• Levels of Analysis = 284
• Models of Behavior Marking = 286
• Persuasive Communication Research = 293
• The McGuire "Process" Model = 294
• The Theory of Reasoned Action = 295
• Information-Processing Approaches = 295
• 11. Debates Over Media Effects = 299
• Violence in the Media and Aggressive Behavior = 299
• The Influence of Pornography = 303
• Media and Children = 306
• Information Campaigns = 311
• PART Ⅳ. Media and Public Life
• 12. Media and Politics = 319
• News and Reality = 320
• A Thumbnail History of News = 320
• News Today = 325
• News and Reality, Today and Tomorrow = 335
• Media and Politics = 337
• Political Behavior = 337
• Information = 338
• Persuasion and Decision Making = 339
• The "Opinion Leader" Concept = 340
• When voters Decide = 342
• Endorsements and Advertising = 343
• The Agenda-Setting Model = 346
• Priming = 349
• "Third-Person" Effects = 350
• The Spiral of Silence = 352
• 13. The Media and the Public = 357
• Defining the Public = 357
• Creating the Public = 358
• The Rise of the Public = 359
• The Decline of the Public = 359
• Is There a Problem of the Public? = 361
• Representing the Public = 363
• The Public as Individuals = 363
• The Public as Aggregate = 364
• The Public as "Publics" = 369
• The Public as Citizens = 371
• Media Response to the Public = 372
• 14. Normative Theories of the Media = 375
• Classical Liberalism = 376
• Challenges to Classical Liberalism = 383
• Social Responsibility Theory = 383
• Marxist Critique = 384
• The Political Economic Argument = 389
• The Cultural Argument = 392
• Normative Solutions : What Should Be Done? = 394
• 15. Media Globalization = 397
• Conditions Underlying International Communication = 397
• Technology = 398
• Infrastructure = 398
• Standards = 398
• Culture = 399
• Economics = 401
• New Problems = 402
• Theories of Hegemony and Globalization = 404
• References = 409
• Index = 422
• About the Authors = 441