Next-generation computers

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Foreword = ⅸ
• Preface = xi
• Part Ⅰ: Tomorrow's computers(IEEE Spectrum, November 1983) = 1
• Introduction, Edward A. Torrero = 2
• THE QUEST = 4
• A new generation in computing / Robert E. Kahn = 4
• Needs and uses / Robert J. Douglass = 9
• The teams and the players = 13
• Strategies / Trudy E. Bell = 13
• Japan = 14
• The fifth generation: a quantum jump in friendliness / Tohru Moto-oka = 14
• ICOT: Japan mobilizes for the new generation / Spectrum Staff = 15
• The United States / Mark A. Fischetti = 19
• The challenge to U.S. supercomputers / George A. Keyworth Ⅱ = 20
• SCS: toward supersmart computers for the military / Robert S. Cooper ; Robert E. Kahn = 21
• MCC: an industry response to the Japanese challenge / Mark A. Fischetti = 23
• SRC: the semiconductor industry draws on university resources / Erich Bloch = 24
• A university-industry-government paradigm for joint research / James D. Meindl = 25
• MCNC: organizing research on the state level / Richard B. Fair = 26
• Survey of U.S. and European research / Mark A. Fischetti ; Gadi Kaplan = 27
• Great Britain / Brian W. Oakley = 41
• European Common Market / Horst Nasko = 43
• THE CHALLENGES = 45
• Designing the next generation / Paul Wallich = 45
• A day in the life of a new-generation computer user / Robert J. Douglass = 46
• Networks wiring a nation / Fred Guter = 48
• The building blocks = 49
• Artificial intelligence / Edward A. Feigenbaum = 49
• Codifying human knowledge for machine reading / Frederick Hayes-Roth = 51
• Helping computers understand natural languages / David L. Waltz = 53
• Recognizing continuous speech remains an elusive goal / Raj Reddy ; Victor Zue = 56
• Computer vision: the challenge of imperfect inputs / Takeo Kanade ; Raj Reddy = 60
• Software engineering, Raymond Yeh = 63
• Next-generation software / Beau Sheil = 65
• Computer architecture / A.L. Davis = 66
• VLSI = 72
• Reaching for the million-transistor chip / Stephen Trimberger = 72
• Fabrication issues for next-generation circuits / R.F.W. Pease = 74
• Putting it togeter / Paul Wallich = 77
• THE OUTLOOK = 82
• Computertrends / John Naisbitt = 82
• Next-generation impacts / Fred Guterl = 83
• The computer revolution: a perspective / Erich Bloch = 85
• Technology and society: a complex marriage / Rob Kling = 86
• To probe further = 90
• About the authors = 92
• Part Ⅱ: Probing the issues = 93
• ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY = 94
• Artificial intelligence: a status report = 94
• RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT = 100
• Assessing the technical challenges = 100
• Log of electronic messages = 101
• SOCIOTECHNOLOGY = 135
• Assessing the sociotechnical challenges = 135
• Cultural roots versus classroom computers / Walter R. Beam = 144
• Computers as learning systems / George H. Heilmeier = 145
• Limits of automated tutors / Willis H. Ware = 145
• MILITARY R&D = 146
• The Darpa program ('Strategic computing', Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, October 1983) = 146
• Part Ⅲ: A tutorial review = 191
• EXPERT SYSTEMS = 192
• Limited but powerful / William B. Gevarter(IEEE Spectrum, August 1983) = 192
• An electronic advisor／companion／Robert Bernhard(IEEE Spectrum, September 1980) = 199
• SPEECH RECOGNITION = 204
• Words into action Ⅰ: Gadi Kaplan(IEEE Spectrum, June 1980) = 204
• Words into action Ⅱ: a task-oriented system / Rai Reddy(IEEE Spectrum, June 1980) = 208
• Words into action Ⅲ: a commercial system / Yasuo Kato(IEEE Spectrum, June 1980) = 211
• Speech recognition: turning theory to practice / George R. Doddington ; Thomas B. Schalk(IEEE Spectrum, September 1981) = 212
• COMPUTER VISION = 219
• Computers that see / Eric J. Lerner(IEEE Spectrum, October 1980) = 219
• Pattern recognition: a review, David Casasent(IEEE Spectrum, March 1981) = 225
• SOFTWARE = 231
• Function-level computing / John Backus(IEEE SPectrum, August 1982) = 231
• Automating programming / Eric J. Lerner(IEEE Spectrum,August 1982) = 237
• Programming for nonprograrnmers / Eric J. Lerner(IEEE Spectrum, August 1982) = 243
• Software design: breaking the bottleneck / Alan K. Graham(IEEE Spectrum, March 1982) = 248
• COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE = 256
• Computing at the speed limit / Robert Bernhard(IEEE Spectrum, July 1982) = 256
• Data-flow architecture / Eric J. Lerner(IEEE Spectrum, April 1984) = 262
• VLSI = 268
• More hardware means less software / Robert Bernhard(IEEE Spectrum, December 1981) = 268
• VLSI with a vengeance / Larry W. Sumney(IEEE Spectrum, April 1980) = 276
• VHSIC: a status report / Larry W. Sumney(IEEE Spectrum, December 1982) = 280
• Automatihg chip layout / Stephen Trimberger(IEEE Spectrum, June 1982) = 286
• Fast electron-beam lithography / John C. Eidson(IEEE Spectrum, July 1981) = 294
• X-ray lithography breaks the submicrometer barrier / Martin P. Lepselter(IEEE Spectrum, May 1981) = 299
• Rethinking the 256-kb RAM / Robert Bernhard(IEEE Spectrum May 1982) = 303
• NETWORKING = 309
• Telephone nets go digital / Irwin Dorros(IEEE Spectrum, April 1983) = 309
• Local area nets: a pair of standards / Maris Graube(IEEE Spectrum, June 1982) = 315
• SUPERCOMPUTERS = 320
• 'Superpower' computers / Robert Sugarman(IEEE Spectrum, April 1980) = 320
• Beyond the supercomputer / David H. Schaefer ; James R. Fischer(IEEE Spectrum, March 1982) = 327
• The limits to simulation / Robert Sugarman ; Paul Wallich(IEEE Spectrum, April 1983) = 333
• Author Index = 339
• Subject Index = 341
• About the Editor = 347