전력선통신을 이용한 지하철 관제센터와 열차간 통신에 관한 설계 = A Plan on communication between Subway CCC(Command Control Center) and Train using PLC

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A mass radio communication network is not established, and animation transmission is impossible in case of subway running in undergrounds, and it is only possible to voice communication and data communication of a low speed for train control. Monitor a train at subway CCC(Command Control Center) as a real-time animation information transmission is impossible as being composed to radio communication networks of voice communication only in case of Train Radio, and there cannot but be a limit to controlling. Shall improve radio communication network configuration, but the problem that shall be allotted a broadband radio wave from the government, cost for purchasing new equipment to an underground occurs in order to improve this. Therefore, It will be a very efficient way to cost-cutting if use a power line(wire) to supply the power on a train, and realize this to PLC(Power Line Communication) methods. PLC is to carry data in a high frequency signal to intermediate, and communicating with an electric power line. Used in the past to a watch of a power-transmission&distribution network, control, communication between transformer stations, low-speed communication such as remote inspection of a meter only as used a low frequency band less than 450kHz because of the communication channel characteristics that an electric power good will was inferior. Use 2-30MHz high frequency band in developments technical a signal process and a semiconductor on the latest date, and implement by 10Mbps class transmission, and be using to a superhigh speed subscriber network, high-speed communication such as Home-networking. The characteristics of an electric railcar' power line is possible to the long-distance signal transmission as supply the electric railcar power only, a load is the same, and there are a few influences of frequency interference by electric power supplies of a direct current method. Also, a PLC network construction way to be economic as communication between CCC and trains is composed before the transformer passages, and do not pass through a transformer. However, As the train moving with high speed. It is necessary to the technology that can overcome about the separate line which is physical of pantograph of an electric railcar and power line. Confined in this study to the high-speed PLC parts that used a high voltage distribution of power line, and explained a kind of broadband PLC and concept with bases to study data of broadband PLC, and future development introduced the PLC network that used the electric railcar' power line that it is possible. Reviewed the OFDM and protocol that were a modulation method of the PLC modem, and the coupler technical which was devised a coupling capacitor to fit a subway supply power basis in order to protect a connection between high voltage & current feeder and PLC modem. The current PLC modem and protocol were proceeded a lot of study and commercializations at PLC technology, and I judged that subway PLC network configuration were not difficult for solving the problem of separate line between power line and pantograph through processes parallel a signal(dual operation of modem) and re-transmission. Proposed three plans. In the first, to the plan to transmit a picture information in a train guest room to CCC at train using subway PLC network, and CCC can quickly judge situation and execute guidance broadcast in case of the accident occurrence in a guest room according to transmit a watch screen on a train guest room to a train-operating room and CCC. In the second, to the plan to transmit a station-platform picture information to a train at station. If a train operator can confirm that a person or a thing drop to a track in platform by platform watch screen before station entries, and a train operator is helpful to the advance accident prevention, and occasion an adjacent station accident occurrence, can confirm a situation and drive carefully. In the third, to the plan to communicate between a train and CCC with driving information. With CCC transmit train driving information(a driving schedule, a train position) on a train, a train operator can confirm neighborhood train position information and be helpful to a train driving, and With a train transmit train driving information(a speed, trouble information, entrance opening and shutting state) to CCC, CCC can confirm train driving list(driving environment) by real time and can operate to a dual watch system with a train operator. In the study next, on consider that subway PLC network operate at the subway which a citizen uses very much. a related researcher shall be proceeded radio waves interference influences of broadband PLC equipment using a high frequency signal and electromagnetic wave radiation permission basis preparation.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

전력선통신은 전력선을 매개체로 데이터를 고주파신호에 실어 통신하는 기술이다. 전력선의 열악한 통신채널 특성으로 인해 과거에는 450kHz 이하의 저주파 대역을 이용하여 송배전망의 감시？제어, 송？변전소간 통신, 원격검침 등 저속통신에만 이용하였다. 최근에는 신호처리와 반도체 기술의 발전으로 2 ~ 30MHz 고주파대역을 이용하여 10Mbps급 전송으로 구현하고 초고속가입자망, 홈네트워킹 등 고속통신에 이용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고압배전선을 이용한 고속 전력선통신부분으로 국한하였으며, 광대역 전력선통신의 연구자료를 바탕으로 광대역전력선통신의 종류와 개념을 설명하였고 앞으로 개발이 가능한 지하철 전차선을 이용한 전력선통신망을 소개하였다. 고압？고전류 급전선과 전력선통신(PLC) 모뎀간 연결 및 전력선통신 모뎀을 보호하기 위해서는 지하철 공급전원 기준에 맞는 Coupling capacitor가 고안된 커플러(Coupler) 기술과 전력선통신 모뎀의 변조방식인 OFDM 및 프로토콜을 검토하였다. 전력선통신 기술에서 현재의 전력선통신 모뎀(PLC modem)과 프로토콜은 많은 연구와 상용화가 진행되어 전차선과 판토그라프간 이선(離線)에 따른 문제 해결은 신호 병렬처리(모뎀 이중화) 및 재전송을 통하여 지하철 전력선통신망 구성에 어려움이 없을 것으로 판단하였다. 지하철 전력선통신망 활용으로는 세가지 방안을 제안하였는데 첫째 “열차객실내 화상정보”를 열차에서 관제센터로 전송하는 방안으로 열차 객실내 감시화면을 운전실과 관제센터로 전송하여 객실내 사고발생시 관제센터의 신속한 상황판단 및 안내방송 실시로 효율적으로 사고에 대처할 수 있다. 둘째 “역사 승강장 화상정보”를 역사에서 열차로 전송하는 방안으로 기관사가 승강장 감시화면을 역사 진입 전에 확인할 수 있어 인명이나 물건이 승강장에서 선로로 떨어지는 경우 기관사가 사전 대처를 할 수 있어 사고예방에 도움이 되며, 인접 역사 사고발생시에도 기관사가 상황을 확인할 수 있어 안전운전을 할 수 있다. 셋째 “열차운행정보”를 열차와 관제센터간 통신하는 방안으로 관제센터에서 열차운행정보(운행스케즐, 열차위치 등)를 열차에 전송하여 기관사가 인근 열차 위치정보를 확인할 수 있어 열차운전에 도움이 되며, 열차의 운행정보(속도, 고장정보, 출입문개폐상태 등)를 관제센터에 전송하여 열차운행목록상에 나타나는 기기이상 및 운전환경을 실시간으로 관제센터에서도 자동 확인할 수 있어 이중 감시체계로 운영할 수 있다. 향후 연구로는 지하철 전력선통신망 운영은 시민들이 많이 이용하는 지하철을 대상으로 한다는 점에서 고주파대 신호를 사용하는 광대역 전력선통신설비의 전파간섭 영향 및 전자파 방사 허용기준 마련과 관련한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.