Urban sewer system consists of sewer network, wastewater treatment plant(WWTP), and receiving body of waters. They are interconnected together to perform organically their roles to maintain water circulation, to preserve water system, and to improve w...
Urban sewer system consists of sewer network, wastewater treatment plant(WWTP), and receiving body of waters. They are interconnected together to perform organically their roles to maintain water circulation, to preserve water system, and to improve water quality.
The purpose of this research was to establish the ways of selecting sewer rehabilitation methods for sewer maintenance and of utilizing the existing detention ponds to control contaminants loads in CSOs to a water body under wet-weather conditions in urban areas.
Included in the study were: 1) Identification of the relation between the cause of sewer defection and the infiltration and inflow(I/I), 2) Establishment of regression equation to evaluate the volume of infiltration and then to predict an infiltration treatment cost, 3) Formulation of optimization problem on selecting sewer repair methods in implementing sewer rehabilitation to minimize the sum of the infiltration treatment cost and sewer rehabilitation cost, 4) Characterization of urban stormwater runoff, and 5) Suggestion of control alternatives for controlling CSOs using existing detention ponds during wet-weather.
Bivariate and partial correlation analysis was performed to identify the collinearity and multicollinearity between the independents, the cause of sewer defection and the dependents, I/I. From the results of correlation analysis, several independents showed severe collinearity and the exact estimates of I/I couldn't be predicted by the least square method.
Multivariate regression technique was used to establish an regression equation to evaluate the volume of infiltration and to predict the cost to treat infiltration.
Optimization problem on selecting sewer rehabilitation methods in implementing sewer rehabilitation was formulated to minimize the sum of the infiltration treatment cost and sewer rehabilitation cost. The various causes of sewer defects were considered in the optimization model developed in this study, which could be more applicable to short-term rehabilitation program than the existing sewer rehabilitation optimization models. As a result of application of the optimization model, the sum of the costs of infiltration and rehabilitation decreased by about 4.3% comparing with when applying the existing criteria of sewer repair methods (defect ratio of 0.2). Rehabilitation cost could be saved by 13% when applying the optimization model.
The characteristics of runoff and CSOs during rainfalls were measured and model prediction was also conducted. Three types of rainfall analysis were conducted for modeling. The first type of rainfall was predicted using the IDF (Intensity-Duration -Frequency) curve, the second type was the representative single rainfall event, which was analyzed by SYNOP in SWMM using the concept of IETD(Inter event time definition), and the third type of rainfall analysis was to use the whole yearly precipitation data for actual continuous simulation.
In this study, three scenarios were considered to use the detention reservoir as CSOs storage and treatment facilities based on the annual outflow results of XP-SWMM at Han-Nam subcatchment. The first scenario was to use the whole volume (35,000m³) of the detention pond to store the CSOs. The second was to use only about a half (15,000m³) of the reservoir as two storage tanks of 7,500m³. The third was to separate the second scenario's volume into storage (7,500m³) and sedimentation treatment facility (7,500m³). Sedimentation treatment facility was suggested to use as storage tank as well, in case of insignificant CSOs occurrence. The flowrate of sedimentation tank was assumed as 1.0m³/sec and the removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TS, and TSS were as 30%, 30%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. The sewage stored during rainfall was assumed to send to sewage treatment plant after rain stopped, meaning that all the contaminants in it could be removed in CSOs control facilities.
The scenario study using the representative single rainfall and the continuous simulation by the actual precipitation data of 2005 showed similar results. In case of scenario 1, CSOs volume could be removed up to 39% and contaminants from 36% to 58%. Among three scenarios, scenario 1 seemed the best alternatives for CSOs control. However, replacement of the whole detention pond for flood control with CSOs control facility could raise questions on how to pacify the anxiety of inhabitants as well as the economical issue to purchase additional pumps to control flood. Scenario 3 looked better than scenario 2 as the contaminant loading reduction rate was improved significantly and CSOs volume improved a little by using storage tank and sedimentation tank simultaneously.