This study investigates the influence of professional identity on advocacy activities among social workers employed at facilities for persons with disabilities in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, South Korea. A total of 395 social workers partici...
This study investigates the influence of professional identity on advocacy activities among social workers employed at facilities for persons with disabilities in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, South Korea. A total of 395 social workers participated in the survey, and data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, applying descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
The main variables of the study were professional identity and advocacy activities. Advocacy was categorized into three distinct types: case advocacy, group/class advocacy, and policy advocacy. Professional identity was defined as the cognitive and attitudinal components of a social worker’s understanding of their profession. It was measured through five subfactors: utilization of professional organizations, sense of professional ethics, belief in public service, autonomy, and sense of calling.
The results revealed that professional identity had a significant positive effect on overall advocacy activity. Among the subfactors, belief in public service and sense of calling emerged as the strongest predictors of advocacy performance. In terms of advocacy types, professional ethics and autonomy were particularly influential in case advocacy, while professional organization use and belief in public service were key predictors for both group/class advocacy and policy advocacy.
Sociodemographic characteristics—such as age, length of service, job position, and certification level—were also found to affect advocacy performance. A secondary analysis using recoded variables indicated that social workers in their 40s and 50s and those holding mid-level or higher positions demonstrated significantly higher levels of policy advocacy. This finding suggests that both professional experience and organizational role shape how social workers engage in advocacy, particularly at the policy level.
Based on these findings, the study recommends structured onboarding and advocacy training for early-career social workers, with a focus on strengthening public service motivation and professional ethics. In addition, organizations should support autonomous decision-making and ethical judgment, promote external networking, and offer differentiated training aligned with each type of advocacy. Continued education and career-stage-based policy participation opportunities should also be expanded for certified professionals.
Ultimately, this study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that advocacy is not a one-size-fits-all process. Rather, it is a multifaceted practice shaped by specific identity components and strategic approaches depending on the type of advocacy. Recognizing advocacy as a core responsibility of social workers in disability welfare facilities—and providing appropriate organizational and policy support—can help build a more responsive, rights-based service delivery system.
Key Words: Professional Identity, Advocacy, Case Advocacy, Policy Advocacy, Social Worker, Disability Welfare Facility