This research started with the question of how art education will see the problem of human existence. The neo-liberalistic education sees the value of the human being only in terms of the means, not the objective, and it emphasizes only on efficiency ...
This research started with the question of how art education will see the problem of human existence. The neo-liberalistic education sees the value of the human being only in terms of the means, not the objective, and it emphasizes only on efficiency and effectiveness tolerates human alienation and inequality, considering them as the inevitable outcome. The question on the human existence expanded into the consciousness to human rights. Additionally, this research sought to state that genuine educational value can only be aimed only when the human being is seen through the viewpoint of critical consciousness on human rights through this thesis. The research, as the relevant educational measure, established the appreciation method for the critical consciousness, by connecting art and ethics, humanities subjects focus on the study on humanity.
In chapter Ⅱ, the research studied the concept of human rights, the concept of education for critical consciousness, and the necessity as a theoretical background. In the process, the research reviewed the contents of human rights categorized and legislated as the rights per each generation, based on the three-generation division established by Karel Vasak, to find out how the human rights have been developing. Along with this process, the research checked the contents and ratio of human rights education within social study subject for both Korean an overseas middle school curriculum, and the thesis examined the reality of human rights education in Korea compared to other countries. Additionally, the concept of critical consciousness and the viewpoint which through it sees the social structure. As a process, the research discussed the significance, value, and directing point which Paulo Freire, the Brazilian public educator and the first person to use the term critical consciousness, aimed to through “Critical Consciousness Theory.” At the same time, the research found out how the significance and value which the critical consciousness had have been warped by examining relevant research papers. Additionally, the educational issues due to the neo-liberalism as the structure of the oppressor and the oppressed were examined, and the findings were used to state the necessity of education for critical consciousness as the measure of the human rights education.
In chapter Ⅲ, the connect-ability of art and ethics as humanities subjects. For this process, the human rights education and critique functions in art subject were examined, and the relevance of the functions to the human rights education contents in the ethics subject. Additionally, the specific materials of connection and methods were proposed between art and ethics, and the lecture which utilizes the art appreciation was selected. In the ethics curriculum, the category connected to human rights were found, and the territory to be combined with the art appreciation were considered. Art pieces related to the protection of human rights were selected to be utilized in the lecture, and categories and contents that human rights education must cover were examined.
In chapter Ⅳ, the appreciation units of three different middle school art textbooks were overviewed, and the unit with the proper subject element was selected to propose the specific lecture model. The teaching-learning guideline was composed to offer the considerations in evaluation and teaching according to the lecture composition, finishing the establishment of the educational method for the critical consciousness on human rights.
The significance of this thesis are the following: First, this research requests for the re-inquiry on ideologies that the concept of human rights, which emerged from the industrial revolution and modern era, internalized in the context of the system based on capitalism, up to the neo-liberalism of today. So to speak, major concepts in neo-liberal education such as self-efficiency or functionality controls the consciousness of people to consider oneself as useless or prevent one from granting the self-value when an individual fails to bear some kind of the functionality. Additionally, it maintains a sort of fatalistic attitude towards oneself’s life or makes one set oneself’s limit over the expectation towards the individual dream and ideal. This hidden curriculum leads to the issue of educational inequality, the element which the current curriculum focuses on, and the critical consciousness may function as the educational measure to resolve this issue.
Second, genuine education must aim to raise the ability to question the conventional social order boldly and to resist the order. The crucial objective of the education is the awakening, and this awakening begins with cutting the learners free from the pre-existing inertia. Therefore, in terms of the objective of the education that requires to make learners question instead of turning them into conformists, the necessity of education for critical consciousness on human rights emerges.
Third, the amended curriculum of 2015 emphasizes the existentialism, individual, and the individual dignity that humanistic philosophy already emphasizes, and it highlights these fundamental ideologists that connect with the ideological background that concerns the emergence of human rights even more at the introduction. The stress of the curriculum bears the notion that the future society requires its members to realize a more human-centered value based on the dignity and understanding of the human individual, and it implies that such realization requires the need for human rights education.