생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형이 참여자의 지도자 신뢰 및 운동몰입에 미치는 영향 = Impact of Sports for all Swimming Instructors’ Feedback Type on Trust in Instructors and Sport Flow of Swimming Participants

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형이 참여자의 지도자 신뢰와 운동몰입에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 대상은 서울지역에서 생활체육 수영수업에 참여하고 있는 회원을 모집단으로 선정한 다음 주관적 판단표집(judgement sample)을 이용하여 표본을 추출하였으며, 총 320부의 설문지를 배포하고 실제분석에는 불성실한 응답을 제외한 300부를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 조사도구인 피드백 유형 척도는 문정연(2016)의 연구에 사용된 설문지를 사용하였고, 지도자 신뢰 척도는 김혜민(2012)에 사용한 설문지, 운동몰입을 측정하기 위한 설문지는 정용각(1997), 정용민(2001), 이광수(2003)이 번안한 것을 사용하
였다.
수집된 자료는 SPSS 29.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석을 통해 대상자의 일반적 특성을 파악하였으며 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형, 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입의 문항들에 대한 탐색적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였고, AMOS를 통해 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 피드백 유형, 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입의 차이를 파악하기 위해 독립표본 t-test와 one wey- ANOVA를 실시한 후 각 구성요인들 간의 관련성과 방향성을 파악하기 위해 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 또한 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형과 참여자의 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입의 인과관계, 피드백 유형과 운동몰입 간 지도자 신뢰의 매개효과를 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석과 매개효과분석을 실시하였고 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 생활체육 수영참여자의 일반적 특성에 따른 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형, 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입의 차이를 살펴본 결과 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형과 참여자의 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 피드백 유형과 지도자 신뢰가 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 지도자 신뢰와 운동몰입도 역시 정적인 상관계수가 나타났다.
셋째, 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형의 하위요인이 지도자 신뢰의 하위요인에 미치는 영향을 분석 한 결과 긍정적 일반 피드백, 수행지식 피드백, 긍정적 비언어 피드백이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적비언어피드백은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형은 운동몰입에 긍정적 일반 피드백, 수행지식 피드백, 긍정적 비언어 피드백이 영향을 미치고, 부정적 비언어 피드백이 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 지도자 신뢰의 하위요인이 운동몰입의 하위요인에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 지도자 신뢰의 하위요인인 성실성, 개방성, 이타성이 인지몰입에 영향을 미치고 일관성과 능력이 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 생활체육 지도자가 주는 피드백은 참여자들의 효과적인 운동수행에 필요한 요소임을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따라 지도자들은 참여자들의 적극적인 운동참여를 위해 적절한 피드백을 사용하여야 한다. 이는 향후
점점 늘어나는 참여자들이 더욱 운동에 몰입할 수 있는 밑거름이 될 수 있기 때문에 지도자는 참여자들이 지도자를 신뢰하고 운동에 몰입할 수 있도록 수업의 질 향상과 참여자들에 대한 꾸준한 관심이 이루어질 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다.
본 연구에서는 현재 수영장에서 이루어지고 있는 생활체육 수영수업 프로그램 참여자를 대상으로 이루어졌지만, 수영수업 외에도 아쿠아로빅 또는 어린이 수영 등 다양한 수업들을 세분화하여 수업을 진행하는 지도자에 대한 신뢰나 운동몰입에 심층적인 연구가 더 필요한 것으로 보이며, 수영종목 뿐만 아니라 다양한 종목에서 생활체육 참여자들의 지도자 신뢰나 운동몰입을 위해 다각적인 개인의 특성과 더욱 구체적인 주제를 고려한 연구가 이루어진다면 대한민국 국민이 생활체육에 참여를 함에 있어 지도자와 참여자간 상호작용에 도움을 줄 것이라 예상된다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 차 례
• Ⅰ. 서 론 ················································································································ 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ·································································································· 1
• 2. 연구 목적 ········································································································ 5
• 3. 연구 문제 ········································································································ 6
• 4. 연구가설 ········································································································· 6
• 5. 용어의 정의 ····································································································· 7
• 6. 연구의 제한점 ································································································· 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ····································································································· 9
• 1. 생활체육 지도자 피드백의 개념과 유형 ······························································ 9
• 1) 피드백의 개념 ·································································································· 9
• 2) 운동학습에서의 피드백 기능과 효과 ································································· 11
• 3) 생활체육 지도자의 피드백 유형 ········································································ 14
• 4) 피드백 유형 선행연구 ······················································································· 16
• 2. 생활체육 현장의 지도자 신뢰 ·············································································18
• 1) 신뢰의 개념 ······································································································ 18
• 2) 지도자 신뢰의 중요성 ······················································································· 19
• 3) 지도자 신뢰의 5요인 ························································································ 21
• 4) 지도자 신뢰의 선행연구 ··················································································· 25
• 3. 생활체육 참여자의 운동몰입 ············································································ 27
• 1) 몰입의 개념 ····································································································· 27
• 2) 운동몰입의 구성요인 ······················································································· 30
• 3) 운동몰입의 선행연구 ······················································································· 31
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ········································································································ 34
• 1. 연구대상 ···········································································································34
• 2. 조사도구 ·········································································································· 35
• 3. 조사도구의 신뢰도 및 타당도 ············································································ 36
• 4. 연구절차 ·········································································································· 45
• 5. 자료처리 방법 ·································································································· 46
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ······································································································· 47
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성 ··························································································· 47
• 1) 피드백 유형 ····································································································· 47
• 2) 지도자 신뢰 ···································································································· 49
• 3) 운동몰입 ········································································································ 52
• 2. 상관관계분석 ·································································································· 53
• 3. 피드백 유형이 지도자 신뢰, 운동몰입에 미치는 영향 ········································· 55
• 1) 피드백 유형이 지도자 신뢰에 미치는 영향 ························································· 55
• 2) 피드백 유형이 운동몰입에 미치는 영향 ····························································· 61
• 3) 피드백 유형과 운동몰입 간 지도자 신뢰의 매개효과 ·········································· 64
• Ⅴ. 논의 ················································································································ 66
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 ····································································································70
• 1. 결론 ················································································································· 70
• 2. 제언 ················································································································· 71
• 참고문헌 ·············································································································· 73
• 부록 ···················································································································· 89
• ABSTRACT ······································································································ 94