This study aims to investigate whether children's screen time varies based on the level of family leisure activities and parent-child relationships, and to explore the relationships among these factors.
For the purpose of the study, the following rese...
This study aims to investigate whether children's screen time varies based on the level of family leisure activities and parent-child relationships, and to explore the relationships among these factors.
For the purpose of the study, the following research questions were selected. \
1. Is there a difference in children's screen time depending on dynamic leisure activities?
2. Is there a difference in children's screen time depending on passive leisure activities?
3. Is there a difference in children's screen time depending on parent-child relationships?
4. What is the relationship between family leisure activities, parent-child relationships, and children's screen time?
The subjects of this study were children and their parents in kindergartens and daycare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province for ages 3-5. In order to find out the frequency of family leisure activities by type of family leisure activities, the research tool of Choi So-young (2004) modified by Han Hyo-jeong(2018), was again modified, and some items were supplemented. In order to measure parent-child relationships, the research tool developed by Kamphaus and Reynolds (2006), translated into Korean by Lee Kyung-sook, Park Jin-ah, Lee Mi-ri, and Shin Yu-rim (2013), and partially modified by Choi Eun-kyung(2020) was used.
In order to analyze the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach’s α was calculated, and for data analysis, descriptive statistics such as frequency, ercentage, lowest point, highest point, mean, and standard deviation were performed. In order to divide the groups according to the level of family leisure activities and parent-child relationships, the mean and standard deviation of family leisure activities and parent-child relationships were used to classify them into three groups: upper, middle, and lower. In order to examine the differences in screen time of infants according to family leisure activities and parent-child relationships, one-way ANOVA was conducted, and Scheffe test was conducted as a post-hoc test. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among family leisure activities, parent-child relationships, and infant screen time.
The research results according to the research questions are as follows. First, the more dynamic leisure activities infants engaged in, the less screen time they had on weekdays. In particular, the weekday screen time of infants in the upper group who engaged in more dynamic leisure activities was less than that of infants in the lower group who engaged in less dynamic leisure activities, showing a statistically significant difference. In contrast, the difference in weekday screen time of infants according to passive leisure activities was not statistically significant.
Second, the more dynamic leisure activities infants engaged in, the less screen time they had on weekends. In particular, the weekend screen time of infants in the upper group who engaged in more dynamic leisure activities was less than that of infants in the lower group who engaged in less dynamic leisure activities, showing a statistically significant difference. In contrast, the difference in children's weekend screen time according to passive leisure activities was not statistically significant.
Third, there was a low negative correlation between dynamic leisure activities and children's weekday screen time, and there was also a low negative correlation between dynamic leisure activities and children's weekend screen time.
Lastly, there was a low negative correlation between passive leisure activities and children's weekday screen time, and there was also a low negative correlation between passive leisure activities and children's weekend screen time.
This study investigated the difference in children's screen time according to the level of family leisure activities and parent-child relationships, and investigated the relationship between family leisure activities, parent-child relationships, and children's screen time to contribute to reducing children's screen time. The results of this study suggest that family leisure activities have a more direct effect on reducing children's screen time than parent-child relationships, and that among family leisure activities, dynamic leisure activities with a lot of physical movement are more important than passive leisure activities in reducing children's screen time