This purpose of this study is to focus on the government system of Goguryeo as the foundation of its ruling mechanism of the time in a way of confirming the structure and characteristics for each period and trace down the background of changes. Throug...
This purpose of this study is to focus on the government system of Goguryeo as the foundation of its ruling mechanism of the time in a way of confirming the structure and characteristics for each period and trace down the background of changes. Through this effort, the aspect of presence and process to expand the power of the ruling group with the kings of Goguryeo at the top have been examined. Under Chapter 2, the structure and characteristics of the initial government system with the background of time until the mid-3rd century were learned. As a result, the government system could be characterized for diversity and stratified features. At this time, 5-ministry (5部) that comprised Goguryeo included various powers. In order to smoothly control them, various government office names were established and each government office name was classified into two systems with different duties of administration and military. In addition, these two systems had different scope of governance depending on the subject of establishment. Namely, it is confirmed that the government office names were established with same work structure by the territory of activities for Goguryeo as the state with the structure of upper government branch and each ministry (部) that comprised lower offices. Furthermore, some of those holders of government office names who were close to the kings were appointed as separate government positions of Guksang (prime minister of state) and Jungoidabu (中畏大夫) to undertake the role to
help the kingship to assert its power to rule over upper and lower government branches of the government system. Under Chapter 3, it traced down the process of unilaterally systemizing the diversified and stratified government system of the initial period through the 4 ~ 5th centuries. Together with the characteristic changes of 5-ministry, the initial government system was modified as well. Accordingly, With the office names of Hyeong (兄) and Saja (使者) as the core aspect, it structured the backbone of the government system. During this period, the Goguryeo’s government system organized a separate office position system by separating the characteristics of duties that were held by the government office name in the previous period, and the government office names were seemed to shift into the characteristics of showing the hierarchy as officers and their identity. Furthermore, following the process of drastic territorial expansion during this period, various ruling forces were absorbed into the Goguryeo society, and in order to establish a hierarchy for them, the government system was diversified and advanced. In particular, the migrants from China had become the private political base for the kings as they were known as Jungridodok (中裏都督), as its steppingstone, and they made contribution to move the capital to the Pyeongyang region where they had been settled in. And, under Chapter 4. The appearance of the government system for Goguryeo after the 6th century was shown. The structural characteristics of this period had the people holding the top five government offices becoming the core aspect of managing the national affairs. The organization consisted of them was referred to as Pyeongdae (評臺) with Daedaero (大對盧) as the head of the organization. Daedaero was elected from the Daein (大人) of 5-ministry that organized the capital, and in the process, it is shown that the consent of Gukin (國人), which is interpreted as a group participating in national administrative affairs, was required. As the appointment of
Daedaero that was like prime minister was influenced of Gukin, another prime minister and close aide of king, Makriji (莫離支), had the influence of royal authority as the private backbone of kings. Makriji was the head of the government system of Jungri that was a private political organization of the kings and it had the duties on national personnel affairs and military as well as the protection of kings. This government system of Jungri had become the straight path for children of powerful noble clans of 5-ministry for promotion and they were able to march toward the political circle on the foundation of political relationships with kings of Goguryeo.