In the international trade, the obligations of the buyers and sellers have an impact on the price of the commodity. In the long history of the international trade practice, gradually some terms of trade, which are closely related to the price, are dir...
In the international trade, the obligations of the buyers and sellers have an impact on the price of the commodity. In the long history of the international trade practice, gradually some terms of trade, which are closely related to the price, are directly boned with the price together, leading to the formation of several quotation modes. Each mode stipulates the obligations of the buyers and sellers in some terms of trade.
Trade transaction consists of sales contract, carriage contract, insurance contract, financial contract and so on. Fixed rights and duties between the trade partners in the signed contracts can help clarify the expenses and risks in the extradition and receipt of the trade goods. Nowadays the international trade is generally based on the contract CIF or FOB in the Incoterms.
Different countries are used to different commercial customs. In order to resolve the differences, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is centered in the approach to a united commercial custom. But how should the basic standard of the commercial customs be explained? Eventually the service regulations of the trade contracts in domestic or international trade are established: ICC International Rules for the Interpretation the Trade Terms, namely the Incoterms.
In this study we focus on the research of the treaty in Incoterms 2010 C-terms, which is the most frequently used treaty. For the convenience and accuracy of using the treaty in 2010 C-terms, this treaty will be analyzed, and problems that are likely to arise in practical applications will also be studied and analyzed, at the same time some solutions will be provided.
In contracts CIP and CPT, which are applied in various modes of transportation, the unities of the document styles and the content need to be accomplished, so as to make it easier to apply these contracts in the future.
In contracts CIF and CFR, which are limitedly applied in sea transportation, the boundaries of responsibilities for buyers and sellers are clearly marked, and the original ship's rail edge trading is given up, and the transactions on the deck is adopted instead, in this way the clarity of responsibility for both sides are further developed. However, the details still require more researches and developments.
Since the Incoterms was formulated in 1936 (Incoterms 1936) for the first time till the Incoterms 2010, it has been continuously perfected. Some inconvenient terms are deleted; meanwhile some clearer terms are added into it, which makes the international trade become more powerful. With the improvement of the Incoterms, the transportation modes will become more rational, inclusive of sea transport modes, inland transport modes and combined transport modes.