반려견의 피부, 눈 및 뇨 병변에서 분리한 세균의 분리동정과 항생제 감수성, 저항성에 관한 연구 : Frequency of isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and multidrug resistance of bacteria isolated from skin, eye, and urine lesions of companion dogs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was performed to investigate bacterial distribution isolated from dogs with skin and ocular disease and urinary tract infection referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University and local animal clinic (Hyung-Jae) as well as its antibiotic susceptibility pattern and multidrug resistance between May 2006 and February 2008.
Specimens were obtained from skin, eye, and urine of dogs. They were incubated on the blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Biological properties of isolates were examined by gram stain, motility test, catalase test, oxidase test, carbohydrate fermentation test in triple sugar iron (TSI) agar, indole test, citrate utilization test, urease test, mannitol fermentation test, dnase test, and coagulase test. Bacterial identification was confirmed by API kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed based on Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. A multidrug resistance (MDR) organism was defined as one where resistant results were obtained for four or more antimicrobials.
During the study period, bacterium was isolated from skin, eye, and urine of 36, 33, and 18 dogs, respectively. The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (83%), Staphylococcus spp. (80%), and Escherchia coli (50%) in skin, eye, and urine, respectively. Imipenem (83%) was the most susceptible effect against Staphylococcus spp. from skin, followed by amoxicillin clavulanic acid (77%), cefotaxim (73%), and cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin (70%) in that order. Staphylococcus spp. from eye had the highest susceptibility in imipenem and amoxicillin clavulanic acid (89%), then higher susceptibility in the order of amikacin, cefoxitin and bacitracin (81%), cefazolin (78%), and cefotaxim and ticarcillin (74%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherchia coli from urine was the highest in imipenem (78%). A number of bacteria (94% of all isolates) had multidrug resistance (MDR).
Compared to the result of other countries, antimicrobial resistance and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. were very severe and frequently shown in this study. This study indicates that veterinarians of our country have come to a serious difficulty in selecting antibiotics and treating bacterial infectios, due to high MDR and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. To restrict the development of antibiotic resistance, identification of the causative organism through microbial culture is essential. Under the antibiotic sensitivity testing, use of the right antibiotic, without relying on broad range antibiotics is necessary.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 2006년 3월부터 2008년 2월까지 대학 병원 및 지역 병원(형제 동물병원)에 의뢰된 동물들 중 피부 질병, 안구 질병, 그리고 세균성 요로 감염증에 이환된 개에서 분리된 세균의 빈도와 항생제 감수성 에 대한 결과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구기간 중 피부, 눈, 뇨의 검체에서 각각 36, 33, 18개의 세균이 검출되었다. 각 검체에서 가장 많이 분리된 세균은 피부에서는 Staphylococcus spp. (83%), 안구에서는 Staphylococcus spp. (82%), 그리고 뇨에서는 Escherchia coli (50%), 로 나타났다. 피부의 staphylococci에 대해서는 imipenem (83%)이 가장 효과적이었으며, 이어서 amoxicillin clavulanic acid (77%) cefotaxim (73%), cefoxitin과 ciprofloxacin (70%) 순이었다. 안구의 staphylococci에 대해서도 imipenem과 amoxicillin calvulate (89%)가 가장 효과적이었으며, 그 외에 amikacin, cefoxitin, bactracin (81%), cefazolin (78%) 그리고 cefotaxim과 ticticarcilln (74%)순으로 나타났다. 뇨에서 분리된 E. coli에 대해 가장 효과적인 항생제는 imipenem (73%) 이었다. 다수의 항생제에 저항성을 보이는 세균은 (multidrug resistant, MDR) 94%로 나타났다.
분리된 세균의 항생제 저항성은 외국의 연구결과와 비교하였을 때 상당히 높았다. 이와 같은 결과는 지역 병원에 있는 많은 수의사들이 세균 동정 및 항생제 감수성 검사를 수행하지 않고 과량의 항생제를 무분별하게 사용하고 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 항생제 저항성의 발생을 줄이기 위해서는 세균 동정을 통하여 원인 균체를 확인하고, 이에 대한 감수성 검사를 통해 가장 효과적이고 특이적인 항생제를 선별하여 사용해야 한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CHAPTER I Frequency of isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and multidrug resistance of bacteria isolated from skin lesions of companion dogs = 1
• 1.1 Abstract = 1
• 1.2 Introduction = 4
• 1.3 Materials and Methods = 6
• 1.4 Results = 10
• 1.5 Discussion = 22
• 1.6 Conclusion = 31
• CHAPTER II Frequency of isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and multidrug resistance of bacteria isolated from eye lesions of companion dogs = 32
• 2.1 Abstract = 32
• 2.2 Introduction = 34
• 2.3 Materials and Methods = 36
• 2.4 Results = 40
• 2.5 Discussion = 51
• 2.6 Conclusion = 55
• CHAPTER III Frequency of isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and multidrug resistance of bacteria isolated from urine lesions of companion dogs = 56
• 3.1 Abstract = 56
• 3.2 Introduction = 58
• 3.3 Materials and Methods = 60
• 3.4 Results = 63
• 3.5 Discussion = 72
• 3.6 Conclusion = 77
• Acknowledgements = 77
• REFERENCES = 78
• 국문초록 = 89