한국 현대 미용문화에 나타난 규율권력의 시대적 변화 양상 = A Study ofContemporary Changes of Disciplinary Powerin theModern Korean Beauty Culture

국문 초록 (Abstract)

권력은 모든 사회에 존재하며 우리를 지배하고 있다. 그러나 권력은 지배방식뿐 아니라 사회의 모든 영역에 편재되어 있으며, 문화에도 깊숙이 관여한다. 따라서 권력의 시대적 변화는 주체의 순응과 저항의 소용돌이 속에서 문화적 변동을 야기한다.
문화의 한 영역인 미용문화 또한 마찬가지로, 한때 장발이 단속의 대상이 되었던 것처럼 지배권력의 의지에 따라 금기의 대상이 될 수도 있고 스타일이 될 수도 있다.
따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 권력의 변화와 그 주체에 초점을 두고 한국 현대 미용문화에 나타난 규율권력의 시대적 변화 양상을 고찰하기 위하여 이론적 연구와 실증적 연구를 병행하였다.
연구범위는 1970년대부터 2012년 현재까지를 통시적으로 고찰하였으며 연구방법은 권력이론, 사회학, 정치학, 미용.패션 등의 국내외 문헌 및 선행연구를 통한 이론적 고찰과 한국 미용문화에 관한 사적 고찰로 이루어졌다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Authority exists in all societies, with people living under its control. Authority is widespread in all social areas not just in dominating style. It is also deeply involved in culture. As a result, the contemporary changes of authority cause cultural shifts in a whirlpool of compliance and resistance. In beauty culture as well, just as the Korean government cracked down on people with long hair in the past, a certain hair style or trend could be forbidden depending on the intention of the governing body. Therefore, this study has used both theoretical and empirical studies to investigate the patterns of contemporary changes of the disciplinary power in the modern Korean beauty culture, focusing on the shift of this kind of power and the governing body. For this, contemporary changes from the 1970s to 2012 have been reviewed. Research methods included a theoretical review of domestic and foreign literature and preliminary studies in the theories of power, sociology, politics and beauty & fashion as well as a historical review of the Korean beauty culture. The results can be summarized as follows:
First, according to an investigation on how Korean beauty culture has formed from the 1970s to 2012, during the 1970s, for example, Korean society was rigidly structured under the revitalizing reform system. In fact, it was an era of suppression and tyranny. Entering the 1980s (from the Chun Doo-hwan administration to the Noh Tae-woo administration), Korean society experienced dramatic changes in politics, society & culture and its economy. Korea showcased its cultural power to the world through the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. As a result, a Ministry of Culture was organized. In the late 1990s, the Korean economy tumbled through economic chaos but by the early 2000s, the nation had reached a turning point as it successfully hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Second, according to an investigation of power theory, power is applied to people's daily lives and categorizes individuals. An individual is characterized by his or her individuality and glued to his/her own identity. In addition, the rules of truth should be applied. It is a type of power, which makes individuals as subject. These rules are made and carried out in a variety of sectors including the military, schools, hospitals, workplaces and the home as well as in jail. Under these rules, people have an obedient and trained body. The purpose of the disciplinary power is to maximize the efficiency of the human body.
Third, analysis of how the disciplinary power mechanism under the nation, school and popular culture works in the Korean modern beauty culture pointed to crackdowns on long hair and a Tattoo Prohibition Act highlighting the disciplinary power of the nation. Against these policies, popular resistance movements and trends toward decadence formed. Disciplinary power of schools were displayed in dress-code regulations including crackdowns on long hair. Against this, a Students' Union Movement and Students' Rights Ordinance appeared. Within popular culture, the disciplinary power has existed as a censorship system and dress-code regulations in songs and movies. Against this policy, lookism and 1318 culture occurred.
Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that the modern Korean beauty culture has gradually developed under the mechanism of disciplinary power under the country, school and popular culture. It appears that this kind of regulation of the beauty culture will continue under the name of 'Inspection of Media Harmful to Youth' even under a controversy regarding strict disciplinary power.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 의의 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구의 내용 및 방법 = 3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 = 5
• 1. 시대적 배경 = 5
• 1) 1970년대 = 5
• 2) 1980년대 = 11
• 3) 1990년대 = 16
• 4) 2000년대 = 22
• 2. 권력 이론 = 28
• 1) 권력의 개념 = 28
• 2) 몸에 대한 규율권력 = 35
• 3) 규율권력에 대한 주체의 저항 = 38
• Ⅲ. 한국 현대 미용문화에 나타난 규율권력 = 42
• 1. 국가 = 42
• 1) 국가 규율권력 = 42
• (1) 장발단속 = 42
• (2) 문신금지법 = 47
• 2) 국가 규율권력에 대한 주체의 저항 = 49
• (1) 민중저항 = 50
• (2) 퇴폐풍조 = 53
• 2. 학교 = 56
• 1) 학교 규율권력 = 56
• (1) 두발규제 = 58
• (2) 복장규제 = 62
• 2) 학교 규율권력에 대한 주체의 저항 = 65
• (1) 학생연합운동 = 66
• (2) 학생인권조례 = 69
• 3. 대중문화 = 74
• 1) 대중문화 규율권력 = 74
• (1) 가요 = 75
• (2) 영화 = 79
• 2) 대중문화 규율권력에 대한 주체의 저항 = 81
• (1) 외모지상주의 = 82
• (2) 1318 문화 = 84
• Ⅳ. 결론 = 88
• 1. 요약 및 결론 = 88
• 2. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 = 92
• 참고문헌 = 93