Having coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and the 4th Industrial Revolution, humanity today is faced with an entirely different world. Out traditional beliefs about humanity and the world have been greatly shaken, and a reformation seems to be inevitabl...
Having coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and the 4th Industrial Revolution, humanity today is faced with an entirely different world. Out traditional beliefs about humanity and the world have been greatly shaken, and a reformation seems to be inevitable for the religious community too.
Until the early 20th century, the Buddhist studies community generally performed research on the Sangha based on Buddhist history and its developmental process, including practice and education, dharm transmission and propagation, and culture. Although Bhikkhunis fulfill their functions as members of the Sangha along with bhikkhus, it seems that what remains less studied regarding bhikkhunis is related towomen’s historical and social status outside of religion. Social transformation now sees gender equality as a universal sentiment, and the history of the bhikkhuni sangha is being re-illuminated, including the practice and life of individual nuns and their social roles, broadening the boundary of Buddhist research. With its operation of an independent bhikkhuni monastic community, the stature of the Korean bhikkhuni sangha has
received worldwide recognition.
Seon Master Myori Beophui is an indispensable figure in the modern history of the Jogye Order. Beophui was certified to have attained awakening by Seon Master Mangong, a disciple of Seon Master Gyeongheo based on educational ties. Beophui also established the first bhikkhuni Seon center at Gyeonseongam Hermitage, which provided the momentum to open more bhikkhuni Seon centers across Korea. As a Seon practitioner who attained enlightenment as a bhikkhuni, she resided at Gyeonseongam for over 60 years, while occasionally traveling back and forth to other bhikkhuni temples, including: Bodeoksa on Mt. Deoksungsan, Naewonsa on Mt. Cheonseongsan, Yunpiram on Mt. Sabulsan, and Gucheungam of Hwaeomsa, and Insujae in Jeongneung-dong, Seoul. She also established a second and third Seon temple for bhikkhunis. At age 70, she was appointed the first Seon Center Director of the Bhikkhuni Chongnim, established at Gyeonseongam
Hermitage of Sudeoksa Temple on Mt. Deoksungsan.
Beophui caused the bhikkhuni Seon tradition of Korean Buddhism to flourish. Her life as a monastic practitioner lasted close to a century, during which she maintained her practice after attaining enlightenment.
She dedicated her life to giving countless dharma talks and guiding monastics and laity. As a significant figure who guided and produced numerous students, it is meaningful to highlight her in my thesis. Of course, there were other efforts and achievements by bhikkhunis preceding Beophui.
During the time of the Buddha, many bhikkhunis attained the status of arhathood. And Korean Buddhism also has many bhikkhunis who became guiding lights to others. Among them, the activities and devoted
practice of Beophui—now considered a matriarch for the revival of bhikkhuni Seon Buddhism in modern and contemporary Korea—can be viewed as foundation of contemporary Buddhism. To shine new light on
the lives and activities of bhikkhunis in modern and contemporary Korea gives today’s bhikkhunis and female lay Buddhists models they can respect and emulate. As a Buddhist practitioner, I am confident that these model bhikkhunis influence me to pursue my life outside the secular realm, and I want to cultivate my life in such a way that will contribute to true happiness and the spiritual development of all humanity.