Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as ideal cells for tissue engineering purposes. However, with respect to the limited potential for the clinical application of primary MSCs, sustainable human MSC clones might be good cellular sources...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as ideal cells for tissue engineering purposes. However, with respect to the limited potential for the clinical application of primary MSCs, sustainable human MSC clones might be good cellular sources for tissue engineering approach to bone regeneration. The present study was designed to investigate the survival and osteogenic effect of HM3.B10 (B10) immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit posterolateral fusion model.
B10 cell line, one of clonal immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell lines transfected with a retroviral vector encoding v-myc oncogene, was used in this study. B10 cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium and the osteogenic capability was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Osteogenically differentiated B10 cells were loaded onto porous hydroxyapatite (HA) granules and attachment of the cells was confirmed using a photomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The B10 cells were labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles for tracing. Posterolateral spinal fusion was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. One of the rabbits was allocated to undergo posterolateral fusion surgery without placing grafts as a non-implanted control. After a dorsal midline skin incision, the intermuscular plane between the multifidus and longissimus muscle was developed to expose the transverse processes of L4 and L5 as well as the intertransverse membrane. Either right or left side was randomly allocated to receive HA granules with B10 cells (experimental side) or HA granules only (control side). At 6 weeks after surgery, the survival of MSCs was evaluated using magnetic resonance image (MRI) and fluorescent image analysis. In addition, new bone formation was analyzed using radiographs, microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), and histologic evaluation.
B10 cells cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium demonstrated a high level of osteogenic gene expression, including Runx2 and bone sialoprotein. The survival of the MSCs labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed: the low signal dimensions in the graft mass on T2-weighted images of MRI were demonstrated and the remained labeled MSCs were observed on confocal laser microscopic imaging at the same area of the low signal dimensions on T2-weighted images. On the µ-CT evaluation, relative bone volumes (BV) of new bone to HA scaffold in the experimenatal side and the control side were 0.41 ± 0.02 and 0.37 ± 0.01, respectively (p=0.043). Relative bone surface area (BS) of new bone to HA scaffold in the experimental side and the control side were 0.27 ± 0.02 and 0.23 ± 0.02, respectively (p=0.043). Relative bone mineral density (BMD) of total graft mass to HA scaffold in the experimental side and the control side were 3.26 ± 0.45 and 2.63 ± 0.31, respectively (p=0.043). All three indices of µ-CT indicated significantly more new bone formation in the experimental side compared with that of the control side. The accurate assessment of spinal fusion was difficult both on radiographs and µ-CT because of the remnant radio-opaque HA granules. On the histologic evaluation, the experimental sides demonstrated more abundant cartilage and immature woven bones in the grafted masses compared with the control sides demonstrating poorly organized fibrous tissue without bone formation.
B10 immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells can survive and participated in enhancement of osteogenesis in a rabbit spinal fusion model. Therefore, this cell line might be a potential alternative to autogenous MSCs for cell therapy.