위상이라는 개념은 어떤 기하학적인 대상이 있을 때, 이 대상이 가지는 연속적인 변화에도 변하지 않는 속성이다. 즉, 그 대상을 잡아당기거나 비틀거나 휘어도 변하지 않는 것이다. 재밌는 ...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17110442
서울 : 서울대학교 대학원, 2024
학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 , 물리·천문학부(물리학전공) , 2024. 8
2024
영어
523.01
서울
xi, 191 ; 26 cm
지도교수: 신용일
I804:11032-000000186363
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상세조회0
다운로드위상이라는 개념은 어떤 기하학적인 대상이 있을 때, 이 대상이 가지는 연속적인 변화에도 변하지 않는 속성이다. 즉, 그 대상을 잡아당기거나 비틀거나 휘어도 변하지 않는 것이다. 재밌는 ...
위상이라는 개념은 어떤 기하학적인 대상이 있을 때, 이 대상이 가지는 연속적인 변화에도 변하지 않는 속성이다. 즉, 그 대상을 잡아당기거나 비틀거나 휘어도 변하지 않는 것이다. 재밌는 점은, 이러한 위상이라는 수학적 개념이 물리학과 깊은 연관이 있으며, 물질에 대한 우리의 이해를 바꿔놓았다는 것이다.
가장 대표적인 예가 바로 위상 부도체의 발견으로 인해 부도체에 대한 우리의 이해가 바뀐 것이 있다. 예전에는 모든 부도체들이 원자 부도체인 것으로 알려져 있었다. 그러나 이후 위상 부도체라는 새로운 형태의 부도체가 발견되었는데, 이는 내부는 부도체의 성질을 가지고 있지만 표면은 도체의 성질을 가지는 물질이었다. 이러한 위상 부도체의 특성은 물질 속 전자의 파동함수가 가지는 독특한 위상학적 성질에 기인하기 때문에, 위상 부도체는 미세한 세부 변화나 준정적인 변수 변화로부터 강력한 저항성을 가진다. 때문에 이러한 특성을 갖는 위상 부도체는 새로운 형태의 물질로서 환영받아 왔으며, 지난 수십년 동안 많은 사람들에 의해 활발히 연구되어 왔다.
그러나 많은 노력에도 불구하고, 이러한 양자역학적 수수께끼를 푸는 것은 결코 쉽지 않았다. 이는 수행해야 하는 계산이 사람은 물론이고 심지어 컴퓨터가 하기에도 너무 복잡하고 방대했기 때문이다. 그래서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 파인만의 아이디어로부터 양자 시뮬레이터라는 개념이 탄생하게 되었다. 양자 시뮬레이터는 이해하고자 하는 어려운 양자역학적 시스템이 있을 때, 그 시스템과 유사하지만 조금 더 단순하고 제어하기 쉬운 형태의 인공적 시스템을 만들어서 이를 통해 이해하고자 하는 영자 현상의 본질을 살펴보는 방법이다. 말하자면 어떤 시스템을 단순화 하여 본질을 살펴보는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 방법은 많은 물리 시스템, 특히 고체 시스템을 연구하기 위한 수단 중 하나로서 활발히 사용되고 있다.
이 학위논문에서는 이터븀 원자를 이용하여 양자 시뮬레이터를 제작한 일들을 다룬다. 양자 기체 시스템은 외부로부터 잘 고립된 시스템으로 모델 해밀토니안을 불순물 없이 쉽게 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있어 양자 시뮬레이터 연구에 적합하다. 이러한 양자 기체 시스템을 활용한 첫 번째 연구로서, 이터븀 원자들의 스핀 상태들을 라만 전이를 이용해 연결하여 인공 홀 사다리를 1차원 광격자에서 구현하였다. 이때 라만 전이에 의해 만들어지는 인공 게이지 장의 크기를 변화시켜가면서, 시스템을 갑자기 변화시켰을 때 나타나는 동역학의 변화를 연구하였다. 또한 두 번째 연구로서, 이터븀 원자를 담은 1차원 광격자에 공진하는 변조를 도입함으로써 광격자의 Bloch 상태들을 인공 차원으로 갖는 위상 사다리를 구현하였다. 이때 공진하는 변조의 방법으로 진폭 변조와 위상 변조 두 가지를 동시에 적용함으로 Creutz 사다리를 구현할 수 있었고, 해밀토니안의 매개변수들을 조절함으로 위상 상전이와 위상 전하 펌프를 구현할 수 있음을 설명하였다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
The concept of topology refers to a property of geometric objects that remains unchanged despite continuous deformations they undergo. In other words, it remains invariant under stretching, twisting, or bending of the object. Interestingly, this mathe...
The concept of topology refers to a property of geometric objects that remains unchanged despite continuous deformations they undergo. In other words, it remains invariant under stretching, twisting, or bending of the object. Interestingly, this mathematical concept of topology has deep connections with physics and has revolutionized our understanding of matter.
One of the most significant examples is the discovery of topological insulators, which altered our understanding of insulators. Previously, all insulators were thought to be atomic insulators. However, the discovery of topological insulators introduced a new type of insulator where the interior exhibits the properties of an insulator while the surface behaves like a conductor. This unique characteristic of topological insulators arises from the peculiar topological properties of the wave function of electrons in the material. Due to this, topological insulators exhibit robust resistance against minor structural changes or perturbations, making them welcomed as a new type of material and have been actively researched by many over the past decades.
However, despite considerable efforts, unraveling such quantum mechanical mysteries was never easy. The calculations required were too complex and vast for humans, and even computers, to handle. Thus, in order to tackle these problems, the concept of quantum simulators emerged from Feynman's ideas. Quantum simulators involve creating artificial systems that mimic the system one wants to understand but are simpler and easier to control. Essentially, it's a method of simplifying a system to understand its essence. This approach is actively used as one of the means to study many physical systems, especially condensed matter systems.
This dissertation discusses experiments conducted using ytterbium atoms to create a quantum simulator. Quantum gas systems are well-isolated systems from the external environment, making them suitable for quantum simulator research as one can easily control the model Hamiltonian without impurities. In the first study utilizing such quantum gas systems, an artificial ladder was implemented in a one-dimensional optical lattice by connecting spin states of ytterbium atoms using Raman transitions. By varying the magnitude of the artificial gauge field created by Raman transitions, the quench dynamics of the system were investigated. In the second study, a topological ladder with Bloch states in a one-dimensional optical lattice containing ytterbium atoms was realized by introducing resonant modulation to the lattice. By simultaneously applying both amplitude and phase modulations, a Creutz ladder could be implemented, demonstrating the control over Hamiltonian parameters to achieve topological phase transitions and topological charge pumping.
목차 (Table of Contents)
참고문헌 (Reference)
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