<菩提達磨略辨大乘入道四行> 연구 = A Study on Bodhidharma's Summery of Truth entrance and four Practices in Mahayana(菩提達磨略辨大乘入道四行)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korean Buddhism has been influenced by the China Sect Buddhism directly and current Jogye Order also advocate Ch&aacute;n Buddhism. But Ch&aacute;n-practice is regarded as an exclusive property of the monks in the mountain temples, and there are few temples except some Ch&aacute;n-centers in downtown that teach meditation or Ch&aacute;n-practice to the laymen. In recent years, a lot of translations of M&#257;h&#257;yana scriptures which are very easy to understand for Korean laymen have published, but due to too many publications, it is rather not easy to approach buddhism in real.
I tried to focus on this point researching Bodhidharma's teachings about Two types of Realization & Four practices of the Way(二入四行論). I think that the characteristics of the various religious activities which are prevailed paratactically can be developed under the guidelines of Bodhidharma's teachings about Two types of Realization & Four practices of the Way, and those religious activities can be granted a kind of unity.
I researched Bodhidharma's teachings about Two types of Realization & Four practice of the Way with T&aacute;nl&iacute;n(曇林)'s Summery of Truth entrance and four practices in M&#257;h&#257;yana(略辨大乘入道四行論) as the main text, which is included in The Transmission of the Lamp(景德傳燈錄). And I also tried to discuss about Bodhidharma's Summery of Truth entrance and four practices in M&#257;h&#257;yana(略辨大乘入道四行論).
At first, I examined 'Calming the mind(安心)' and 'Wall observance(壁觀)' which are the essences of Bodhidharma's Ch&aacute;n thought through T&aacute;nl&iacute;n(曇林)'s preface. 'the Mind' of 'Calming the mind' is the answer of the question "How should we live?" which is one of the three questions that Subhuti has asked to Buddha in Diamond S&#363;tra(金剛經): "How should we live, meditate, and control our minds?"
On the other hand, I took Z&#333;ngji&agrave;n(宗鑑)'s translation of S&ograve;ng(宋) dynasty, which is saying "'Wall' is internal tension and unity that guard against agony and delusion coming from outside".
Next, I looked into Bodhidharma's two types and four practicals of the Way more specifically.
Bodhidharma said, "There is many ways to reach Truth(道), but in summery, there is only two ways. One is entering Truth(理), and the other is entering practice(行)." These two ways are the two types of entrance(二入), that is Truth-entrance(理入) and practice-entrance(行入).
Considering the relation between these two aspects, Truth-entrance is the principle of practice-entrance, and practice-entrance is also the principle of Truth-entrance. practice-entrance without Truth-entrance could be easily an imprudent action, and Truth-entrance without practice-entrance also could be a vain discussion. Therefore, there is an inseperable relationship between Truth-entrance and practice-entrance.
Incidentally, Bodhidharma said that there are four requisites for practice-entrance.
First, to be content with one's karmic retribution so that all of the agonies experienced from the real world actually have arisen from previous action of karma(報怨行). The second, to be resigned to one's fate not having joy and sorrow in quick alternation because the worldly wealth and fame are following the karma(隨緣行). The third, to live free from desire so that people who try to seek Truth should not have an attitude to seek any other purposes(無所求行). And the last, to pursue the practice of the Way in accordance with the Dharma(稱法行).
These ideas of Bodhidharma haven't been in the center of Ch&aacute;n-thought historically, especially after development of Patriarch-Ch&aacute;n(祖師禪). Moreover, A Summery of Truth entrance and four practices in M&#257;h&#257;yana(略辨大乘入道四行) was even under a cloud of suspicion that it is not written by Bodhidharma.
But it is also true that this thought has significant influence on G&#333;ng'&agrave;n Ch&aacute;n(看話禪) and Silent-Penetration Ch&aacute;n(&#40665;照禪) in the late Ch&aacute;n-thought history.
On the one hand, there is a stream of idea which is saying "Only Ch&aacute;n". But the other hand, there is another stream saying "Ch&aacute;n with reading s&#363;tras, and Ch&aacute;n with actual practices" which is influenced by Bodhidharma.
And finally, I think researching Two types and four practicals of the Way as the thought of Bodhidharma could be a faithful guideline for laymen nowdays, too.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 1
• 1. 연구의 목적 1
• 2. 연구의 범위와 방법 3
• Ⅱ. 曇林의 序에 나타난 安心之法 6
• 1. 安心 9
• 2. 壁觀 11
• Ⅲ. 二入四行 16
• 1. 二入 18
• 1) 理入의 성격 19
• 2) 行入의 형태 21
• 2. 四行 22
• 1) 報怨行 23
• 2) 隨緣行 26
• 3) 無所求行 28
• 4) 稱法行 30
• Ⅳ. 역사적 위상과 영향 34
• 1. 역사적 위상 34
• 2. 영향 37
• Ⅴ. 맺음말 40
• 참고문헌 42
• Abstract 44
• 부록 : <菩提達磨略辨大乘入道四行>의 우리말 번역 48