The research examined and analyzed the living status of the rural elderly, their welfare needs and welfare programs carried out by regional agricultural cooperatives, and apart from the welfare programs carried out by central government and local auto...
The research examined and analyzed the living status of the rural elderly, their welfare needs and welfare programs carried out by regional agricultural cooperatives, and apart from the welfare programs carried out by central government and local autonomous governments, tried to come up with feasible welfare programs to be carried out by regional agricultural cooperatives, ultimately providing basic data regarding operation and revitalization of welfare programs as well as improved quality of life for the rural elderly through welfare enhancement for both the rural elderly and cooperative members.
The study carried out a questionnaire survey of staffs charged with welfare affairs and cooperative members in 125 regional agricultural cooperatives of Chungcheongnam-do province, and, for analysis purpose, used 108 significant replies submitted by staffs and 141 replies by cooperative members aged 60 years old and more, ruling out insufficient replies. The tool used was a questionnaire written by researcher, and cross analysis was made through the statistical software of SPSS to produce frequency and percentage as follows.
First, with regard to the living status of the rural elderly, only 3.5% was found to reside in the rural area for 10 years and less, while 96.5% for more than 10 years with 46.8% of them for 50 years more. Among the elderly aged 60 and more, those with annual income of less than 10million won accounted for 81.6%, proving that the majority of the elderly in the rural area are in an economic hardship, largely depending on the agriculture for their income source. What they find difficult to live in the rural area included; first, laborious farm work, second, lack of economic power, and third, health problems, which showed that the impending problems facing the elderly in the rural area were related to labor, economic problems and health, accompanied by the aging residents. In addition, in the survey of percentage distribution of who were aged 65 years old and more, and members of regional agricultural cooperatives, only 3.7% cooperatives replied that those aged 65 years and more were less than 30% of the total members, while 85.2% cooperatives replied that their members aged 65 years old and more were more than 40% of the total members. This shows that the rural area is a super-aged community, surpassing the ratio of aging population, 30.6%, published by the National Statistical Office (2007).
Second, in the survey of the welfare status for the elderly in the regional agricultural cooperatives, it was found that 17.3% cooperatives did not even make a budget for the annual welfare programs for the elderly, and about half of members did not even recognize that the cooperatives have welfare business in their list of businesses along with 41.8% of them having participated in the welfare programs. In the satisfaction survey of those who participated in the welfare programs, 24.8% replied that they were satisfied with the programs, showing that there is much room for improvement in terms of budget planning, contents of welfare programs and quality of programs as a whole.
Third, the difficulties faced by regional agricultural cooperatives to carry out welfare programs came mostly from the fact that the cooperatives were unable to prepare for welfare budget due to the vulnerable financial structure, poor recognition of the welfare programs for the elderly by top management of cooperatives and the staff’s lack of expertise needed to deal with welfare programs. Thus, the survey found that both internal and external assistance and self-help efforts need to be made.
Fourth, the welfare programs preferred by the rural elderly were, similar to those of the preceding research, related to health, hobbies and leisure, and recuperation. The measures to revitalize welfare programs for the elderly by regional agricultural cooperatives included, among others, development of programs accessible at all times, home-staying welfare service and cooperation with the administrative agencies as well as assistance by NACF(National Agricultural Cooperative Federation) to make up for the losses sustained by regional agricultural cooperatives. Also included in the results of the research were a shift in management consciousness, publicity of welfare programs for the elderly and demand of welfare service by members of regional agricultural cooperatives.
Based on the results obtained through research, it is proposed that measures in terms of both internal and external classification to revitalize the welfare programs for the elderly by regional agricultural cooperatives should be taken as follows.
First off, in terms of internal measures to be taken, it is necessary to achieve the efficient management and active implementation of cooperative’s business to improve financial structure of the cooperatives. As seen in the results of research, many regional agricultural cooperatives can not perform welfare programs due to the insufficient budget allotted for the elderly. Making most of the diversity of welfare programs, a priority should be put on improvement of financial structure through all-out efforts by staffs and management alike. Next, a shift in management consciousness is needed. Top management of regional cooperatives need to afford a shift in their consciousness lest a number of the rural elderly suffer disadvantages of not enjoying welfare service resulting from the anachronistic practices pursued by management in the past who were behind the times and only followed the former ways of management. In addition, professionalism is needed to deal with welfare programs for the elderly. To solve the problems of work overload coming from holding additional jobs and lack of professional knowledge, the introduction and establishment of social workers who majored in social welfare is a must. The establishment of social workers along with utilization of internal structure could play a role to supplement the lack of workforce necessary to carry out the welfare programs. There are many kinds of internal structures organized within the agricultural cooperatives, and utilizing internal structure, taking into account the characteristics of each structure, will help revitalize the business of regional cooperatives and welfare programs at the same time.
In terms of external measures to be taken, guidance and assistance by NACF accompanied by economic assistance is necessary. As a number of regional agricultural cooperatives are yet in a need of independent management basis, both guidance and assistance by NACF is necessary. Besides, the regional cooperatives have a limit to extend the scope and target members of welfare programs by themselves, it is necessary to cooperate with the local authorities. Moreover, organization such as confederation comprising regional agricultural cooperatives is necessary. If province or county regional cooperatives contribute to form confederation and conduct the welfare programs through employment of expert manager, systematic and technical management of welfare programs for the elderly will be made possible.