Current study examined the influence of interactivity induced by hypertext during story comprehension. Previous researches have argued that additional aids are required when hypertext structure is applied because it is considered to be a mere obstacle...
Current study examined the influence of interactivity induced by hypertext during story comprehension. Previous researches have argued that additional aids are required when hypertext structure is applied because it is considered to be a mere obstacle in the process of understanding literature. However, a large number of digital storytelling utilize hypertext structure as a method to lead users into the state of 'flow’. Therefore, it is a hasty conclusion to define hypertext structure as an obstacle in understanding literatures.
Language psychologists have suggested the concept of 'situation model' to describe the process of understanding narratives. The concept proposes that while reading a story, readers create series of situation models in their working memory that represent the fictional situation. When the story faces a new phase, existing model in the working memory is replaced by a newly formed situation model. According to the event-horizon model, segmentation into multiple situation models can occur even within a single story and these models affect long-term storage and retrieval of the contents of the story. Preceding research demonstrated that when subjects were asked to infer the causal relation between two sentenced as a recognition task, response time was faster in single-situation-model condition rather than two-independent-situation-models condition.
One of the biggest difference of hypertext novel compared to linear literature is the inclusion of user participation task that directly determines the contents of next paragraph. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect of user participation task during the process of implementing situation model as a method to comprehend the story.
We hypothesized that user participation task may strengthen the cognitive advantage of hypertext structure if the task is related to the contents of the story, while the task would hinder the understanding of story if the relation is weak. Concretely, when the contents of user participation task are not related with the upcoming paragraph, task will only play a role of dividing paragraphs within a single situational mode. However, when the task is implemented between two situation models in direct association, it may provide better coherence in comprehension.
In Experiment 1 using the user participation task irrelevant to the following contents, we found that the task separates one situation model into two different models which interferes the coherent inference of causal relationship. In experiment 2 we programmed the story to have a hypertext structure which can actively develop in accordance with the answers reported in user participation task. Results show that that the hypertext structure accelerated cohesive reading compared to linear structure condition.
This study has a significant meaning in finding the cognitive advantage of hypertext. In addition, it also demonstrates how the user experience of hypertext novel can be measured in experimental environment and introduces the concept of 'situation model' and 'Evemt Segment Theory' in the field of hypertext literature.