용서프로그램이 초등학생의 용서, 분노표현, 대인관계 유능성에 미치는 효과 = The Effect of Forgiveness programs on Forgiveness, Anger experession, and Interpersonal competence in Elementary School Students.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 용서프로그램을 실행하여 초등학생의 용서, 분노표현 및 대인관계 유능성에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 프로그램은 박인우(1995)의 체계적인 집단상담 프로그램 개발 모형에 따라서 조사, 분석, 설계, 구성, 적용, 평가의 6단계에 맞게 구성하였다. 조사단계에서는 다양한 선행연구의 고찰과 초등학교 교사 및 지역아동센터 생활교사를 대상으로 요구조사를 위한 면담을 실시하였다. 조사단계의 면담내용을 바탕으로 분석단계에서는 프로그램의 목적, 회기별 목표, 회기수를 결정하였다. 설계 및 구성단계에서는 목적, 목표, 회기별 목표에 따른 활동 안을 작성하여 예비프로그램을 실시한 후 임상/발달심리전문가 및 현장전문가의 자문과정을 거친 후 수정, 보완하여 최종 프로그램을 구성하였다. 적용단계에서는 2020년 3월부터 11월까지 서울시 소재 지역아동센터 두 곳의 초등학교 6학년 학생 16명을 연구대상으로 하여 실험집단에 8명, 통제집단에 8명을 배정한 후 실험집단에 프로그램을 실시하였다. 평가단계에서는 프로그램 시행 전과 후에 용서심리 검사, 분노표현 검사, 대인관계 유능성 검사를 실시하여 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 적은 수의 연구대상을 고려하여 실험집단과 통제집단의 차이를 비모수검정 윌콕슨 부호-순위 검정(Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test)을 실시하였으며 사전-사후 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
용서프로그램에 참여한 아동들의 용서수준이 유의하게 증가하였으며 이와 더불어 분노표현이 유의하게 감소하였다. 대인관계 유능성의 경우, 전체 점수에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 프로그램에 참여한 아동들의 경우 하위요인 가운데 자기노출 및 정서적 지지와 조언에서 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과는 용서프로그램이 초등학생의 용서수준, 분노표현 및 대인관계 유능성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사하며 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점, 임상적 함의 및 앞으로의 도구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ···················································································· 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·········································································· 5
• 1. 용서 ····················································································· 5
• 가. 용서의 정의 ········································································ 5
• 나. 용서 과정 ··········································································· 6
• 다. 아동의 용서발달 ································································· 10
• 2. 용서와 분노표현 ··································································· 13
• 3. 용서와 대인관계 유능성 ························································ 15
• 4. 아동을 위한 용서프로그램 ····················································· 17
• 가. 선행연구 ··········································································· 17
• 나. 회복적 서클을 활용한 용서프로그램 ····································· 20
• 5. 연구가설 ·············································································· 22
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ·············································································· 23
• 1. 연구대상 ·············································································· 23
• 2. 측정도구 ·············································································· 24
• 가. 용서심리검사도구 ······························································· 24
• 나. 분노표현척도 ····································································· 25
• 다. 대인관계 유능성 ································································· 26
• 3. 연구설계 ·············································································· 27
• 4. 연구절차 ·············································································· 27
• 5. 자료수집 및 분석방법 ···························································· 29
• Ⅳ. 프로그램 개발 ······································································ 30
• 1. 프로그램 구성 방향 ······························································· 30
• 2. 프로그램 구성 과정 ······························································· 31
• 3. 최종 프로그램 ······································································ 38
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 ············································································· 45
• 1. 실험집단과 통제집단 간 사전 동질성 검증 ······························ 45
• 2. 실험집단과 통제집단 간 사후검사 비교 ·································· 47
• 3. 실험집단과 통제집단 간 사전-사후검사 비교 ·························· 49
• 가. 용서 ················································································· 49
• 나. 분노표현 ··········································································· 51
• 다. 대인관계 유능성 ································································ 53
• 5. 프로그램에 대한 평가 ··························································· 55
• Ⅵ. 논의 및 제언 ········································································ 57
• 1. 연구결과에 대한 논의 ··························································· 57
• 2. 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언 ································· 61
• 참고문헌 ···················································································63
• 부록 ··························································································74
• ABSTRACT ···············································································113