This study intended to probe into the aspect of realism as an attempt of literary participation made in a departing manner through the format and narrative technique appearing in Jeong-in Seo’s novels. In other words, this study focused on verifying...
This study intended to probe into the aspect of realism as an attempt of literary participation made in a departing manner through the format and narrative technique appearing in Jeong-in Seo’s novels. In other words, this study focused on verifying the value of participation that his novels have by examining Seo’s novels based on the new definition of participation called ‘Escaping Participation.’ This was conducted in the course of investigating the participatory principle of‘Escape’ which becomes the prime method for format and narrative technique while opposing the idea of Sartre who argued that the literary participation is realized when the consciousness of the author is signified through written language.
Seo’s attempt to embody the true nature of the undefinable world through new format has already been clarified through the author’s autobiographical writings including essays and is universally known through related discussions in the past. Based on this idea, this study attempted to investigate the connection between the reality and format experiment appearing in Seo’s novels and the principle applied to their participation. While preceding studies focused on how Seo’s consciousness of reality is reflected in his novels, this study focused on the impact of the outcomes of such literary attempts on the reality in the aspect of ‘participation.’
‘Escape Participation’ pulls down the dichotomous and hierarchical idea of Sartre about prose and poem and meaning and format and suggests the possibility of literary participation other than the author’s consciousness leading to participation in reality through signification. Sartre argued that the format or expressive technique on the opposite side of signification is not appropriate for participation as they cannot embody the author’s consciousness. However, they carry out participation based on the ‘Escape’ characteristics moving away from meaning in ‘Escape Participation.’ In other words, the text reflects the undefinable world as it is by moving away from the power of reproduction and choosing the method embodiment which is open for interpretation. This induces readers to engage in the world through literature while understanding the internal instruments of the text such as format and narrative technique and applying the universal critical mind about the world they found by themselves during this process to the real world outside the text.
The connection between Seo’s novels and this ‘Escape Participation’ is witnessed by the change in the narration which divides the overall process of his creation into early period and latter period. In the later period, he chose the ‘format’ as a technique to represent the true nature of the world itself in the novel, and it shares the basic principle with ‘Escape Participation’ for it attempted to reflect the world by using ‘Escape’ as its prime method. The choice he made in the latter period was to use text as a ‘Mirror’, not as a vessel. By mirroring the world of readers through the format of the text, he conveyed the world to readers as it is. This is not conveying the reality of the world to readers by reconstructing or reproducing it into the reality inside the novel, however, is inducing readers to directly face the issues of the world in the course of reading by reflecting the true nature of the world that cannot be defined through format.
This study analyzed said idea in three chapters in the main text. First, Chapter 1 focused on the non-instrumental use of language in Seo’s novels and examined the aspect of ‘Escape Participation.’ Seo’s novels shake the implicit belief toward the congruence between language and the target in the system of instrumental language. This eventually let readers experience the chaotic nature of the world hiding behind the system of language and dismantle the fixed idea of the world. Also, novels arrange sentences centering on signifiers to emphasize the objectness of the language. Here, the rhythm created by the array of signifiers weaken the intellectual order of existing novels which was formed based the meaning of contents and strengthen the emotional order, and the strength of this emotional order contributes to the conveyance of the entire meaning and context of the sentences to form the context of participation which forms the hierarchy of equality between intelligence and emotion.
Chapter 2 examined the principle of participation of spoken words and conversational modes which are manifested most prominently in the experiments with formats in Seo’s novels. First this chapter analyzed how his novels depicted the flexible and contradictory aspects of the world using the freedom from logic that spoken words have unlike written words as it embodied the ‘irony’ in the contents of conversation between characters in the novel. It also intended to discuss the principle of ‘motility’ of conversation where an abstract idea enters the dimension of practice in the course of word exchange between characters. Readers begin to think about the critical mind concerning the usual living with the characters by engaging in the motility of conversation in the course of reading, and this chapter examined the participation taking place in that process.
Finally, Chapter 3 analyzed the effect of participation appearing in the dimension of narration. Seo’s novel has characters that accept coincidences or deviations in the world completely heteronomously, and the aspects of these characters give readers indirect experience of the unpredictable characteristics of the world as this heteronomous attitude toward life of the characters that doe not estimate and make plans for the future creates an exceptional aspect against the reaction of the character that readers can predict while reading the text and doubles the undefinable characteristics of the world. Also, the text questions readers through ‘gap’ and ‘delay’ strategy or ‘retroactive suggestion’ technique or gives a chance to reinterpret the universal concept that they have consistently depended on or central characters. This is understood as the strategy to induce readers to approach the text on their own, and readers attempt to fully engage in the issue of the world proposed through the text through the question given to them.
Seo chose format as the best way to write about the true nature of the world in his novels. Seo’s literary attempt to convey his consciousness using the pure effect and strength of format proves that he also wanted to achieve literary perfection as much as he was interested in reflecting the reality in his works. This also shows that he had two dreams-pure aesthetics and engagement in reality-and had continuously made efforts fulfill both. In this aspect, this study defined Seo’s attempt as ‘Escaping Participation.’ When Seo’s literary attempt is given a new light for the value of participation, the works including his novels that attempts to understand life through literature and achieve literary perfection through life will gain meaningfulness for its participation as the writing of ‘practice’ attempted for the congruence between aesthetics and participation while prepared for ‘failure.’