This study attempts to contribute to understanding Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach(1714 - 1788)'s organ music by an in-depth analysis of the organ sonata Wq. 70/3, H. 84, F major he composed.
C. P. E. Bach is one of the prominent composers in the pre-class...
This study attempts to contribute to understanding Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach(1714 - 1788)'s organ music by an in-depth analysis of the organ sonata Wq. 70/3, H. 84, F major he composed.
C. P. E. Bach is one of the prominent composers in the pre-classic period(1730 - 1770), especially sell-known for the technique of Empfindsamer Stil which emphasizes expression of emotions through music. One of his outstanding achievements was to fix up the classical sonata form. This form played a very important role in the history of music in the stage of entering into classic period from the Baroque. The organ music which focused on the form and counterpoint in the Baroque period gave place to the keyboard music which recognized the value of expression of emotions and harmony in the pre-classic period. The organ music in the pre-classic period, however, remained in existence by C. P. E. Bach's original master-pieces.
Sonata, which appeared in the sixteenth century 문 a contrary concept to vocal music, evolved in mixture with diverse forms. Baroque sonata, which denoted instrumental ensemble in the initial stage in which organ played the role of basso continuo, developed into sonata da chiesa and sonata da camera the middle Baroque, and into trio sonata consisting of three parts in the late Baroque. In this form of trio sonata, organ emerged as a possible solo instrument. Johann Sebastian Bach(1685 - 1750) composed a trio organ sonata consisting of three movements and three parts, bringing this possibility into reality.
C. P. E. Bach accommodated this Baroque musical forms together with Empfindsamer Stil and built up his own world of music. His musical life can be divided into three stages. His composition in the first stage, partly under the influence of J. S. Bach, was characterized by relatively simple structure, in which sonata form with three movements structure of fast - slow - fast was adopted. In the second stage, he actively applied Empfindsamer Stil and produced many pieces of works, composed of harmony which showed much improvement in the structure and form. His works in the third stage were geared to church music. Although fewer than the second stage in numbers, his works in this stage were much more mature in the expression of emotions. C. P. E. Bach composed six pieces of organ sonata in the second stage, namely 1755 to 1758, all with sonata form. The first and third movements of these pieces show sonata form with fast movement and the same tonality while the second movement reflects the characteristics of Empfindsamer Stil and thus is slow.
Wq. 70/3, H. 84, F Major, specifically focused in this study, was composed in 1755. It consists of three movements with allegro, largo and allegretto. The first and third movements have F major sonata form with the parts of exposition, development and recapitulation. The second movement c minor, which is the dominant key of the first movement, demonstrates binary forms where the subject is transformed and repeated. All of these three movements make good expression of Empfindsamer Stil with contrasts of dynamic and the use of ornamentation.
C. P. E. Bach's six organ sonata made him possible to establish the sonata form structured with three instruments. He is one of the outstanding composers in the pre-classical stage characterized by the skill of Empfindsamer Stil. The contributed to keeping organ music in existence in the pre-classic period which connected the Baroque and classic periods.