Since the release of the 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry (COI) report on human rights in North Korea, there has been an ongoing discussion regarding criminal referral methods with suggestions on the necessity of innovative approaches to accountability m...
Since the release of the 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry (COI) report on human rights in North Korea, there has been an ongoing discussion regarding criminal referral methods with suggestions on the necessity of innovative approaches to accountability mechanisms considering the practical difficulty of ICC referral and utilization of universal jurisdiction. Regarding enhancing accountability for North Korea, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights emphasized in the 2023 report that the potential for criminal referrals through ICC referrals and utilization of universal jurisdiction is limited,1) highlighting the need for innovative and creative strategies to address these challenges.2)