Ⅰ. Introduction
· Research background and purpose
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is basically the process of reviewing the impact of individual environmental media caused by development projects and comprehensively evaluating the impact o...
Ⅰ. Introduction
· Research background and purpose
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is basically the process of reviewing the impact of individual environmental media caused by development projects and comprehensively evaluating the impact of other associated media.
Spatial data utilized in EIA have several meanings.
- The outer boundary of project sites as the overall spatial range of projects
- The locations of measured environmental media: targets of EIA
- Spatial expression of correlations between the impacts of individual media and other media
This study aims to suggest measures to establish a spatial data platform as a way to efficiently utilize spatial data across the overall process of the EIA system through the following discussions.
- The scope and content of spatial data utilized in EIA vary.
- The current EIA system promotes the utilization of spatial data.
- The Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS), a data system for EIA, provides a limited amount of spatial data based on original data.
· Research scope
As the utilization of spatial data in the entire process of EIA has increased, this study was conducted as basic research to convert the current EIA system into a spatial data-based platform.
In the first year, an inventory of various credible spatial data was established and coordinates and attribute tables were standardized in order to expand the utilization of spatial data across the entire process of EIA. In the second year, a basic plan for establishing a spatial data-based platform for EIA will be established based on the results of the research in the first year.
· Research methods
This study was conducted as preparation for converting the current EIA system into a spatial data-based system. To do so, this study analyzed systems related to individual environmental media that are utilized in EIAs in other countries, and key elementary ICT technologies for the establishment of the platform. Systems related to EIA in Korea were analyzed, and directions for improving related laws and regulations were also suggested.
Ⅱ. Analysis of EIA-related Systems in Other Countries
· Status of web-based EIA support systems in other countries
Environmental data support systems in countries like the United States and European countries provide spatial data that were converted from data of individual environmental media, which is effective in increasing users’ understanding and utilization of spatial data and also utilizes spatial data as an efficient way of providing data.
Data systems related to environmental impact assessment (EIA) in countries like the United States, Canada, Scotland and Australia were also analyzed. The systems established a database for all the documents that are associated with and are produced across the entire process of EIA, including original environmental impact statements (EIS) and documents of agreed-on opinions and residents’ opinions, and provide the data through web-based search engines. In most cases, original environmental impact statements (EIS) are available in PDF for download, and most of these characteristics are similar or identical to the Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) operated in Korea.
· Overseas cases of utilizing spatial data of EIA-related systems
Overseas cases of utilizing spatial data of EIA-related systems in countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Japan and Australia were reviewed to analyze the utilized spatial data in detail, focusing on information and communications technology.
The United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan and Australia were found to use open source-based geospatial information service (GIS) engines and database (DB) software. Since various types of hardware are operated in web environments, security solutions are used. They are currently creating a cloud environment in order to ensure more users utilize them in the present, and also to expand utilization going forward. Germany utilizes commercial GIS and DB.
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