Among psychiatric patients visited to the Psychiatry Department, Korea University Medical Center, 105 patients with major depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria based on clinical interviews using a Structured Clinic...
Among psychiatric patients visited to the Psychiatry Department, Korea University Medical Center, 105 patients with major depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria based on clinical interviews using a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV were recruited. Among 105 patients, 35 patients had atypical feature. We measured in vitro cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Decreased IL-4 and increased IL-2 was observed in atypical depression patients. IL-6 and TNF-α level of atypical depression patients showed no difference from the controls. Hypersomnia is one of the main symptoms of atypical depression. Cytokines are important sleep regulatory substances among many factors which are involved in sleep regulation. Among cytokines, TNF-α have been determined to be important sleep-promoting substances. TNF-α stimulates neuclear factor kB (NFkB) production. Activation of NFkB promotes IL-2, IL-6 production. IL-4 inhibits NFkB production. Therefore, elevated IL-2 and decreased IL-4 level might be one of the mechanism of hypersomnia in atypical depression.