환경부 그린 ODA 선진화 방안 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적
1. 연구의 배경
□ 그린 ODA 사업 비중 상향, 포스트 코로나 시대 녹색회복의 중요성 대두 등 기후·환경
문제에 대한 국제적 관심 급부상 중
? 기후변화 및 환경오염으로 인한 피해에 취약한 개도국의 안전과 삶의 질 확보를 위해
개도국 기후·환경 수요에 맞는 녹색전환 및 기후변화 대응 지원 강화 필요
- 우리나라는 2015~2019년 기준 전체 ODA 중 19.6%였던 그린분야 사업의 비중을
2025년까지 OECD DAC 평균인 28.1% 이상으로 확대 예정
? 반면, 2021년 기준 우리나라 ODA 총액 중 환경 분야 비중은 11.4%에 불과하며, 환
경부의 ODA 사업 대다수가 마스터플랜(MP) 수립, 연수·역량강화, 국제분담금 등으
로 구성되어 환경부 ODA의 양적·질적 개선이 시급
- 확정액 기준 2021년 환경부 ODA 사업은 25개 사업, 173.2억 원 규모로, 마스터플랜
수립·연수·역량강화사업 31억 원, 국제분담금 88억 원, 수자원 관리 53억 원으로 구성
? 그린 ODA의 중요성 및 확대 필요성이 증가하는 상황에서, 사업분야의 다양화 및 프
로젝트성 그린 ODA 신규 발굴 등에 맞춰 환경부 ODA 추진전략 및 추진체계 정비
필요
- 2022년에는 환경부 그린 ODA 프로젝트 사업을 신규 발굴하여, 라오스, 몽골, 우간다
를 대상으로 홍수예방, 위생시설 설치 등을 추진하며, 2023년 이후 연 250억 원 규모
로 확대 예정
- 특히, 한국수자원공사(K-Water), 한국환경공단(K-eco), 한국환경산업기술원(KEITI)
등 환경부 산하 공공기관에서 개별적으로만 사업을 수행하고 있으며 평가 및 환류시스
템이 제대로 갖춰져 있지 않아, 통합관리를 위한 ODA 추진·관리체계의 정비가 필요한
시점임
4 환경부 그린 ODA 선진화 방안 연구
2. 연구의 목적
□ 그린 ODA 확대 및 포용적 개발협력의 중요성 대두 등 달라진 대내외 여건을 반영한 로
드맵을 수립하여, 개도국 대상 맞춤형 지원사업으로 개발협력의 효과성을 향상하고 체계
적·통합적인 환경분야 ODA 추진기반 마련
? 개도국별 취약분야와 국가발전전략 등을 종합적으로 고려한 환경부 차원의 그린
ODA 추진전략 수립
? 환경부 ODA 정책 및 사업 조정, 사업의 실행·평가·모니터링 등 ODA 全 과정의 통
합·조정 기능 강화 등 추진체계 정비
제2절 연구의 구성
□ 제2장에서는 국내외 그린 ODA 추진동향을 분석
? 그린 ODA 관련 국내외 동향, 법·정책 추진경위 및 주요 내용 조사
- UN SDGs, 탄소중립 등 국제사회 동향, 우리 정부의 외교정책(신남방정책, 신북방정책
등), 주요 국제개발협력 전략(국제개발협력 종합계획, 그린뉴딜 추진전략 등), 국정과제
등 ODA 전반에 관한 대내 정책동향 및 관련 국외 동향 분석
? 국내 기후·환경 분야 ODA 사업의 추진현황 분석
- 주요 유관부처·기관의 사업분야 및 재원 배분 현황, 기후·환경분야 투자현황, 국제감축
잠재성 분석 등
? 해외 주요국·국제기구의 그린 ODA 사업 추진현황 분석
- 해외 주요 국가별(EU, 미국 등), 국제기구별 기후·환경분야 ODA 사업 추진동향 분석
□ 제3장에서는 그린 ODA 추진 방향을 포괄적으로 검토
? 그린 ODA 관점의 환경부 ODA 사업 추진방향 검토
- 사업분야, 재원유형 및 재원조달 방안, 사업구조(프로젝트, 프로그램 등), 파리협정 제6
제1장 연구의 배경 및 구성 5
조(NDC에 활용할 탄소감축 실적의 국제거래)와 ODA의 연계방안, 협력 거버넌스(국제
기구, 기업, 환경단체 등) 모색 등 다양한 그린 ODA 사업의 추진 방향 검토
- 그린 ODA 사업 추진 방향 검토를 통해 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략의 근거 마련
□ 제4장에서는 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략을 도출하고 이행기반을 마련
? 기후·환경 분야 중점협력국 선정 및 추진전략 제시
- 제3기 ODA 중점협력국(27개) 중 기후·환경분야 중점협력국 선정 및 사업분야 제시
※ 사업분야는 국가별 환경실태 및 정책분석을 기반으로 국가별 수요 및 특성을 반영
- 국제기구와의 협력, 온실가스 국제감축, 환경산업 해외 진출 등을 고려한 그린 ODA
추진전략 제시
? 현행 분산형 관리체계를 통합형 관리체계로 재정비하는 이행방안 마련
- 국내외 그린 ODA 추진동향 분석을 바탕으로 향후 이행 강화를 위한 이행기반 정비
방안 제시
- (내부 심의·조정체계 마련) ODA 사업계획을 무상개발협력전략회의(외교부)의 심사 전
에 환경부 내에서 심의·조정하고, 중복·부실사업을 막아 사업 선정 가능성 제고
- (기관 간 협업 촉진) ODA 사업 규모 및 참여기관 확대에 따라 기관 간 유기적 협력
및 정보공유 강화
- (평가·홍보 추진) 매년 소관사업에 대한 자체평가를 실시하여 평가결과의 환류시스템을
마련하고, 워크숍·세미나·포럼 등을 통한 홍보 강화

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 연구의 배경 및 구성 ···················································································1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·······················································································3
• 1. 연구의 배경 ···········································································································3
• 2. 연구의 목적 ···········································································································4
• 제2절 연구의 구성 ·····································································································4
• 제2장 국내외 그린 ODA 추진동향 분석 ·······························································7
• 제1절 그린 ODA 추진 배경 ·····················································································9
• 1. 국제환경협력과 개발 ····························································································9
• 2. 개도국의 기후변화 대응에 대한 국제적 지원 양상 ········································12
• 3. 탄소중립 경제로의 전환과 국제개발협력 ·························································13
• 제2절 국내 그린 ODA 현황 ···················································································14
• 1. 국내 ODA 개관 ·································································································14
• 2. 그린 ODA 현황 ·································································································20
• 3. 양자 원조(유·무상) 환경분야 사업 현황(2022년) ···········································29
• 4. 다자원조 환경분야 사업 현황(2022) ································································34
• 제3절 국외 그린 ODA 현황 ···················································································35
• 1. 주요 국가별 현황·······························································································35
• 2. 주요 국제기구 동향····························································································45
• 제3장 그린 ODA 추진 방향의 포괄적 검토 ·······················································53
• 제1절 그린 ODA 추진 방향 도출을 위한 현황 분석 ············································55
• 1. 국내 정책과의 일관성 증진 ···············································································55
• 2. 국제사회 규범 및 국제기구 사업과의 조화·····················································62
• 제2절 환경부 ODA 사업 현황과 도전과제 ····························································66
• 1. 환경부 ODA의 진단 및 자체 계획 ··································································66
• 제3절 환경부 그린 ODA 사업 추진 방향 ······························································68
• 1. 양자협정 기반의 온실가스 국제감축사업 ·························································68
• 2. 녹색기후기금(GCF) 사업발굴 및 참여 확대 ····················································72
• 제4장 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략 도출 및 이행기반 마련 ·······························87
• 제1절 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략 구상 ································································89
• 1. 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략 제시····································································89
• 제2절 환경부 그린 ODA 추진전략 도출 ································································90
• 1. 수혜국 수요와 한국의 국익을 종합적으로 고려한 지원전략 시행 ·················90
• 2. 환경부 강점분야 지원을 통한 원조효과성 극대화··········································97
• 3. 국제사회와의 협력 확대를 통한 글로벌 그린리더십 제고 ···························124
• 제3절 환경부 그린 ODA 이행기반 마련 ······························································127
• 1. 환경부 그린 ODA 전략회의 및 사무국 신설 ················································127
• 2. 환경부 그린 ODA 시행체계 강화··································································128
• 3. 환경부 그린 ODA 평가·홍보체계 정비·························································129
• 참고문헌 ·············································································································131