1. Purpose
· This study aims to establish an analytical framework for forecasting extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector which are of low probability but of huge consequences once it occurs, hence, to reinforce the resilience of the society....
1. Purpose
· This study aims to establish an analytical framework for forecasting extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector which are of low probability but of huge consequences once it occurs, hence, to reinforce the resilience of the society.
- To be specific, firstly, a variety of future research methodologies were reviewed by analyzing domestic and foreign preceding studies. Thereby, this study intends to establish a research methodology reflecting distinctive features of Korea’s geography as well as those of the ocean and fisheries sector.
- Secondly, this study aims to extract extreme risks potential to occur within 20 years in the ocean and fisheries sector of Korea by applying a strategic foresight methodology
- Thirdly, this study seeks to establish a comprehensive analytical framework of anticipatory extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector in Korea under the process flow as follows: ‘forecasting → identifying major shock triggers and course → calculating economic and social ripple effects → extracting policy measures’.
2. Methodology and Feature
1) Methodology
· A variety of foresight methodologies were applied to this study to set up an analytical framework of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector. Such methodologies include literature review, brainstorming, a participatory workshop, survey on experts, expert panel and case study.
2) Feature
· Serving as the first step to establish an analytical foundation of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector, this study aims to build an analytical framework to forecast extreme risks. By utilizing this framework firsthand, the study forecasted extreme risks derived from a variety of future issues across the ocean and fisheries sector, while producing policy countermeasures.
- Only targeting coastal cities, ports and fishing villages, existing research on future risk analysis in the ocean and fisheries sector has been dealing with risks of a relatively high frequency of occurrence, while aiming to find policy measures against an individual risk.
- Meanwhile, future reports published by domestic and foreign future strategic research institutes have narrowed its scope down to searching and forecasting risk factors, having limits on suggesting policy countermeasures.
- However, this study differentiates itself from existing studies in that it forecasts extreme risks potential to occur across the ocean and fisheries sector of Korea. Furthermore, it provides social and economic ripple effects on extracted risks, as well as policy countermeasures from the perspective of prevention, mitigation and resilience.
3. Results
1) Summary
· Based on the review of various domestic and foreign risk analysis reports and academic journals, this study defined the concept and feature of anticipatory risk analysis, thereby, to establish an analytical framework to assess future risks in the ocean and fisheries sector.
- The analytical framework of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector consists of two parts; ‘Searching and forecasting extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector’, which forecast extreme risks potential to happen within 20 years in Korea’s ocean and fisheries sector, and ‘Ripple effects and countermeasures of extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector’ that calculates social and economic effects of anticipated risk factors and prepare policy countermeasures.
- The former sector of searching and forecasting extreme risks is composed of literature review, brainstorming of experts, results of a future workshop as well as experts’ survey, producing extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector by summarizing the analysis results.
- The section covering ripple effects and countermeasures consists of present status of extreme risks extracted in this study, writing scenarios and ripple effect mapping, analysis of ripple effects and producing policy measures from the perspective of prevention, mitigation and resilience. Through the whole process, contents of this study has been validated and complemented by expert panel.
· This study actually applied the ‘searching and forecasting extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector’, which is the first part of the analytical framework of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector to extract extreme risks.
- Future risks discovered based on literature review, brainstorming, a future workshop and survey on experts have been narrowed down to 10 extreme risks after the process of omission, consolidation and addition.
- The 10 extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector finally selected in the study are as follows; ‘Disputes over international maritime jurisdiction’, ‘Marine environmental pollution due to oil spill’, ‘Maritime cyber security attacks’, ‘Destruction of marine ecosystem resulting from marine litter’, ‘Disputes over the ownership of maritime resources’, ‘Vessel accidents at sea’, ‘Depletion of fishery resources’, ‘Massive disasters in coastal cities’, ‘Blockage of maritime passages’, and ‘Port shutdown caused by large disasters’.
· The second part of the analytical framework, the ‘Ripple effects and countermeasures of extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector’, is applied to extreme risks and derives ripple effects and policy measures from the perspective of prevention, mitigation and resilience.
- Among the 10 extreme risks in the ocean and fisheries sector, the study selected ‘vessels accidents at sea’ and ‘depletion of fishery resources’ for case studies. Then, these risks are specified into ‘cruise ship accident at sea’ and ‘mass mortality of marine creatures’ to meet the purpose of framework of case analysis.
2) Policy suggestions and relevant activities
· This study proposes the establishment of an analytical research framework to forecast risks in order to build the foundation for the analytical framework of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector. At the same time, it suggests enhancing the research capacity by boosting exchanges with foresight institutions as well as building a smart infrastructure for enhancing forecasting and detection capabilities.
- It is important to raise the preciseness and rationality of the analytical framework so that the analytical research of anticipatory risks can be under a continued monitoring and research, instead of being an off-off study.
- Cooperation with domestic and foreign research institutes on future strategy is essential to preemptively respond to future changes of the ocean and fisheries sector and solve potential future risks.
- Adoption of 4th Industrial Revolution technology-based smart devices has allowed the acquisition of data which has not been able to observe in the past. Therefore, big data and AI-based forecasting model can be integrated into the analytical framework of anticipatory risks in the ocean and fisheries sector to improve the ability of forecasting and detection.
3) Expected benefits including policy contribution
· Establishment of the foundation for anticipatory risk analysis will raise the resilience of the ocean and fisheries sector against unpredictable extreme risks in various forms.
- While internal and external environments have become more complicated and diversified with the speed of changes accelerating, the ocean and fisheries sector is exposed to a variety of extreme risks, which cannot be forecasted with past data.
- Under these circumstances, this study is able to contribute to improving the resilience of our society enough to respond to these risks, turning challenges into opportunities and transforming it into a new system.
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