육상풍력발전 입지선정 지원을 위한 환경공간정보 구축및 활용방안마련

국문 초록 (Abstract)

육상풍력발전에 요구되는 바람자원이 주요 생태축과 같이 자연환경이 우수한 지역에 분포
하면서 개발로 인한 산지훼손, 지형변화, 생태계 단절 및 경관 등의 환경적 문제와 동시에
이해관계에 따른 사회적 갈등이 발생하고 있다. 한편, 육상풍력 신규 보급률이 저조함에 따라
재생에너지의 주요한 한 축인 풍력발전의 보급·활성화 요구 또한 높아지고 있다. 이는 2018
년에 목표 대비 84%, 2019년에는 상반기 목표 대비 20.4%의 보급률을 보임에 따른 것으로
해석되며, 이로 인해 내수시장에서 보급·확산이 지연되면서 풍력 보급·확대를 위한 대책이 필
요하다는 인식이 확산되는 계기가 되었다.
<그림 1-1>은 국내 태양광 및 풍력 보급실적을 보여주는 것으로 태양광의 경우 연도별 신
규 설비용량 증가 추세가 눈에 띄나 육상풍력 발전시설의 신규 보급실적은 큰 변화가 없는
것으로 나타났다. 특히 2018년부터 2020년까지의 신규 설치된 육상풍력 발전설비는
594MW로 ‘3020 이행계획’에서 제시하고 있는 목표치인 4.5GW(신규 설치)의 약 13%에 불
과한 것으로 파악되었다. ?신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발·이용·보급 촉진법? 제6조에 따른 연
차별 실행계획에서는 추진실적 평가에 관한 사항을 담고 있다. 2019년 추진실적 평가 자료1)
에 따르면, 2018년에 이어 2019년에도 재생에너지 보급(3.5GW)이 목표(2.4GW)를 큰 폭으
로 상회한 것으로 나타나 ‘3020 이행계획’에 따른 재생에너지 확산이 본궤도에 진입한 것으
로 평가하였다. 이는 2019년에 설치된 신규설비 대부분이 태양광(89%) 중심으로 추진됨에
따른 것으로 풍력은 5.6%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 보급통계 수치는 태양광
과 비교해 상대적으로 낮은 보급률을 보이는 풍력발전 활성화 대책의 필요성을 인식하는 요
인으로 작용하고 있다.
이에 환경부, 산업부, 산림청 등 관계부처와 국회 기후특위는 2019년 4월 말부터 4개월간
공동으로 현장방문, 업계 의견수렴 등을 실시하고, 향후 환경성과 경제성을 동시에 고려하는
방향으로 육상풍력 발전을 활성화한다는 내용을 골자로 하는 「환경과 공존하는 육상풍력 발
전 활성화 방안」을 발표하였다.2) 여기서, 육상풍력 발전 활성화를 위한 세부 방향을 설정하였는데 첫째, 발전사업 허가 전 초기 단계에서의 환경성 검토를 강화하고, 둘째, 불분명하거나
타당성이 부족한 환경·산림 규제를 합리적으로 개선함과 동시에, 셋째로는 사업 추진 전 과정
을 One-Stop 지원하는 민·관 합동 지원단 신설을 주요 내용으로 하고 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 연구 개요 ·································································································· 1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ······················································································· 3
• 제2절 연구 범위 및 주요 내용 ·················································································· 7
• 제2장 육상풍력 입지 적합성 연구사례 조사 ······················································· 9
• 제1절 입지 적합성 분석 및 표출 방법 ··································································· 11
• 제2절 입지 적합성 평가 요소 ················································································· 17
• 1. 기술.경제성 인자 ································································································ 19
• 2. 환경성 인자 ········································································································ 21
• 제3장 육상풍력 개발사업의 환경평가 현황 ······················································· 27
• 제1절 환경평가 협의 현황 ······················································································· 29
• 제2절 환경평가 협의의견 분석 ················································································ 32
• 1. 환경평가 정보 수집 ···························································································· 32
• 2. 분석 방법 ············································································································ 33
• 3. 주요 환경인자 키워드 분석 결과 ······································································ 34
• 제3절 환경평가 협의 사례 ······················································································· 39
• 1. 사례분석 ·············································································································· 39
• 2. 분석결과 요약 ····································································································· 42
• 제4장 입지 적합성 평가를 위한 환경인자 도출 및 자료 구축 ························· 45
• 제1절 환경평가 관련 지침 ······················································································· 47
• 1. 환경영향평가서등 작성 등에 관한 규정 ··························································· 47
• 2. 전략환경영향평가 업무 매뉴얼 ·········································································· 48
• 3. 환경입지컨설팅제도 운영 지침 ·········································································· 51
• 4. 육상풍력 개발사업 환경성평가 지침 ································································ 54
• 5. 환경평가 관련 지침에 따른 환경인자 분석 결과 ············································ 56
• 제2절 환경인자의 도출 및 공간정보 목록 ······························································ 57
• 제3절 환경공간자료 구축 ························································································· 60
• 제4절 환경인자의 분류 및 데이터셋 구성 ······························································ 66
• 제5장 풍력자원과 환경인자 간의 공간분포 특성 ·············································· 69
• 제1절 풍황자원지도 ·································································································· 71
• 제2절 민감도 분석 ··································································································· 76
• 1. 분석 방법 ············································································································ 76
• 2. 민감도 분석 결과: 제약인자 ·············································································· 78
• 3. 민감도 분석 결과: 영향인자 ·············································································· 79
• 제3절 지역별 가용면적 추정 ··················································································· 81
• 제6장 입지 적합성 정량화 방안 ········································································ 85
• 제1절 입지 적합성 평가 방법론 ·············································································· 87
• 1. 다기준 의사결정 방법론 ···················································································· 87
• 2. 계층적 분석과정 ································································································· 92
• 3. 가중치 선형조합 ································································································· 94
• 4. 입지 적합성 평가 절차 ······················································································ 97
• 제2절 공간패턴분석 기반 입지 적합성 평가 ·························································· 98
• 1. 정량적 평가 방안 ······························································································· 98
• 2. 공간패턴분석 기반 입지적합성 평가 시범연구 ·············································· 105
• 제7장 육상풍력 입지 적합성 평가 ··································································· 113
• 제1절 입지 적합성 평가기준 및 방법 설정 ·························································· 115
• 1. 입지 적합성 평가절차 ······················································································ 115
• 2. 입지 적합성 평가기준 ······················································································ 116
• 3. 입지 적합성 정량화 방법 ················································································ 119
• 제2절 입지 적합성 평가 및 분포도 작성 ····························································· 121
• 1. 분석 시나리오 작성 ························································································· 121
• 2. 시나리오별 입지 적합성 평가 ········································································· 122
• 3. 육상풍력 고려대상 지역의 풍황자원 분포 특성 ············································ 136
• 제3절 육상풍력 환경적 가용 잠재량 추정 ···························································· 139
• 1. 신·재생에너지 백서 ·························································································· 139
• 2. 환경적 가용 잠재량 추정 ················································································ 143
• 제8장 활용방안 및 결론 ·················································································· 147
• 제1절 육상풍력 입지선정 지원 방안 ····································································· 149
• 1. 개발 우선순위 설정 방안 ················································································ 149
• 2. 육상풍력 입지 적합성 평가지도 적용 예시 ··················································· 154
• 3. 육상풍력 입지선정 지원 서비스 사례 ···························································· 159
• 제2절 결과 요약 및 결론 ······················································································ 164
• 참고문헌 ············································································································· 169
• 부 록 ·············································································································· 175