The 1st paper : "The academic stream on territorial issues in China between Korea and China during 10th~15th century"
Goryeo dynasty had expanded to the north steadily against China or Liaodung political community just like Jurchen, she had reached t...
The 1st paper : "The academic stream on territorial issues in China between Korea and China during 10th~15th century"
Goryeo dynasty had expanded to the north steadily against China or Liaodung political community just like Jurchen, she had reached the Yalu in 993, the Tumen River in 15th century at last.
How do chinese historians in China write about this expansion recently
They had begun to study territorial issues during Goryeo dynasty in accordance with China's new conceptions on chinese nation, China's historical successor, it's minority local race in northeast area. Territorial issues during this period were Goryeo's dominium assertion as the Goguryeo‘s successor, the right of occupation on the south area of the Yalu by Goryeo from 993, nine castle's bounds and Gonghum-jin's location in Jurchen area, belongingness of Jurchen land and the right of Ssangsung-Chongguanbu occupied by Yuan after 1356, etc.
They assert that Pohai dynasty's territory was China's own, Goryeo's expansion to the north was aggression on China. Only when China's dynasty 'gave' a certain area to Goryeo like Kitan-Liao did or permitted Goryeo's occupation, it was lawful. Based on their conceptions, most of them assert Boju was Kitan-Liao's own land, the area of nine castles the same because Jurchen had lived there. Also they argument Ssangsung-Chongguanbu had to be Ming's area because it was Yuan's. They deny Goryeo was the successor of Goguryeo.
The notable features of Chinese historians these days are as follows. First, they interprete the past from the point view of today. Second, their interpretation is very Sinocentric. Third, they rarely consider Sinocentric writings in chinese records. The fourth, they think the basis of dominium is from China's agreement. The last, they strongly deny some records just like succession of Goryeo and Goguryeo.
The 2st paper : "A territorial dispute between Goryeo and Jurchen Jin during 12th century"
Crossing the borders, Goryeo became able to govern indirectly Samsal(Bukchung) which was originally Jurchen's district of residence in the 1070s and 1080s. Goryeo had established Gimi-juhyeons in this district, as the result his territory had expanded.
However, as the Wanyan tribe extended its power between Jurchen tribes, it was in conflict with Goryeo about governing Gimi-juhyeons. There were wars two times between 1104 and 1109 as well. After the wars, Goryeo lost their control on Gimi-juhyeon as making the boundary agreement with the Wanyan tribe.
After the founding of the country, Jin could occupy Boju located south of the Yalu, as having occupied Kitan Liao's Boju district. However, because Jin had been adopting the policy of avoiding territorial dispute with Goryeo, Goryeo not only recovered Boju but also got approval to this land from Jin in 1126.
In the Yalu, there were several islands cultivated by Goryeo.
In 1165, Jin people moved into and managed the islands where Inju and Jeongju had jurisdiction over. This event aroused disputes between Goryeo and Jin, such as killing local governors. Trying to avoid dispute with Jin, Goryeo forced their nationals to vacate from the islands. Jin, also, handled these troubles without blaming Goryeo's central government.
In conclusion, Jin's appeasement policy against Goryeo strongly had influenced the state of affairs which Goryeo secured and maintained the south areas of the Yalu as their territory after 12th century.