朝鮮初期 府兵制의 改編_preprint

국문 초록 (Abstract)

정보원의 내용은 논문이 게재된 학술지의 정보입니다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. 序 言
2. 高麗末 府兵制 運營의 문란
3. 太祖代 給田制와 選軍制의 회복
4. 太宗代 公兵制의 確立과 府兵의 二元化
5. 結 語
Abstract

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the early Koryo period, the Bu-Byŏng military officers as the rewards for the military service were granted lands on the principle of allotting them to the selected soldiers(選軍給田制). And the Bu-Byŏng military officers were controled by the public military system(公兵制) for preventing the military revolt. But as the social situation changed, the Bu-Byŏng military officers came to be recruited from families belonging to the hereditary soldiering order and as a necessary consequence they came to inherit the lands. And through the military revolt in 1170, the public military system(公兵制) was collapsed and the private military system(私兵制) appeared. These two change of the 'Bu-Byong' system(府兵制) lead the land tenure system and the military system to disorder. As a result, the military system in the late Koryo period became weakened.
Military power was the principal factor that enabled Yi Sŏng-gye(King T'aejo) to establish a new dynasty and become its first ruler. Yi Sŏng-gye's assistants suggested to reform the military as well as land tenure system and drawn up a plan of reform. Lands was to be restored to the government and be redistributed, most grants being temporary, for the support of officers. Establishing Chosŏn dynasty, military reform was also pushed forward. The Bu-Byŏng military officers were recruited not by his family background but by his individual ability. The success of this military reform meant a recover of traditional system of allotting lands to the selected soldiers(選軍給田制).
Prince Yi Pang-won(King Taejong) who acquired the power by the political coup reformed the private military system(私兵制) into the public military system(公兵制). And as soon as he assumed the throne, he reformed again the 'Bu-Byong' system(府兵制). As the result of his reform, the Bu-Byŏng military officers were separated into Gapsa(甲士) and Daegang(隊長)·Daebu(隊副). Gapsa(甲士) became the backbone force of the central armies but Daegang(隊長)·Daebu(隊副) came to perform only ordinary corvée services.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고에서는 고려말 부병제 운영의 문란과 조선초기 부병제 운영 원칙의 회복 과정, 부병의 二元化 등에 관하여 살펴보려 한다. 고려말・조선초의 군제에 관해서는 이미 많은 연구가 이루어졌고, 이로 인해 고려말・조선초 군제의 변화와 역사적 의의에 관한 상당량의 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 다양한 軍種을 평면적으로 제시하여, 이것으로 군제 변화의 가닥을 잡기가 쉽지 않았다. 군제에는 중추적 군사력과 부차적 군사력이 병존한다. 즉 국가의 基幹이 되는 군대가 있는가 하면, 제한적인 역할에 그치는 군대가 있는 것이다. 따라서 중추적 군사력과 부차적 군사력을 구분하고, 중추적 군사력의 변화를 우선적으로 파악하여야 군제 변화의 큰 흐름을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 본고에서는 고려시기 중앙군의 중추적 군사력은 府兵이며, 조선초기의 그것은 甲士라는 관점 하에서 위의 제 문제를 살펴보려 한다.