After the colonial period by Japanese imperialism, the modern Korean culture became stained with the oblivion of some historical facts and the distorted memories. This arose out of the rejection or the oppression of 'the painful and shameful memories ...
After the colonial period by Japanese imperialism, the modern Korean culture became stained with the oblivion of some historical facts and the distorted memories. This arose out of the rejection or the oppression of 'the painful and shameful memories of the racism-history' coined by Homi Bhabha. In order to recover from that, we need to search the dark area of history and to examine the violence of the colonial rule and the vicinity and familiarity underpinning the resistance. This is the historic value and mission of the post-colonial perspective.
The purpose of this study is to research the fictional formation of Toji from the post-colonial perspective. The setting of Toji is the colonial period, and it was written by a novelist who had survived the period, and moreover it was produced during a period when the spirit of nationalism was most flourishing in the Korean society. The novel has been considered as a nationalistic text filled with anti-Japanese sentiment. It portrays a naked criticism against Japan and its rule over Korean peninsula, which sometimes seems to injure a narrative integrity and aesthetic balance. This is interpreted as a desperate gesture of the generation who had experienced the colonial period, to overcome what was taught by Japan and the Japanese language and to remove the remains of the Japanese rule. It is most evident in the section 5 of the novel, which covers the later colonial period.
With these in mind, this study searches and interprets all the discourses about Japan, Japan as a narrative space, the creation of fictional Japanese people, and the ideas about Japan revealed in dialogues and narratives.
Japan as a narrative setting enters as a background concerning the intellectuals, the major group of the latter part of the novel. Especially the writer chooses Tokyo as a place for portraying the duplicity of the Korean students in Japan and the deteriorated lives of the migrant Korean laborers. What is striking is the loves and conflicts between Korean and Japanese, and the free and peaceful development of the second generation between them portrayed in Johu region in Tokyo. Especially the story of Ogada Jiro and his son touches the fundamental theme of life and freedom overcoming the racial discord.
Even though the Japanese savagery is narrated in detail through the witnesses of Kwandong earthquake and Nanjing massacre, they are not placed in the plot for the major characters of the novel. Therefore the Japanese characters in the novel, who amounts almost fifty, are not portrayed as a group of evil-doers except the police-officers and the soldiers. On the contrary, the author tries to place some humanistic Japanese characters criticizing the Japanese imperialism. Undoubtedly it is the big ideology of the Japanese imperialism that the writer cautions and abhors.
The picture of Japan portrayed in Toji is connected to its criticism against the materialism and anti-lifeness. Compared with traditional Korean culture, Japanese culture is elegantly analyzed utilizing metaphor, and the criticism against Japanese imperialism and its idea of Tenno is very plain and straightforward. However, the characters' dialogues mostly comprise the cultured Japanese authors with determined thought and personality and the literary works. Especially the socialist author Nakano Shigeharu is reflected in the portrayal of Ogada Jiro, and the ideological career of the socialist like Gotoku Shusui is positively drawn revealing the reflective consciousness of the convert Japanese intellectuals staying in Xinjing. These also reveal the fissures between the intentional anti-Japanism and narratology, the discovery of the historical consciousness of the colonial generation, and finally the remains of resistance against the distorted public memories.