Brand familiarity derives from the number of brand-related experiences that have been accumulated by the consumer, including exposure to advertisements for the brand, exposure to a brand in a store, and purchase and/or usage of brand and so on. Depend...
Brand familiarity derives from the number of brand-related experiences that have been accumulated by the consumer, including exposure to advertisements for the brand, exposure to a brand in a store, and purchase and/or usage of brand and so on. Depending on the types of experiences, consumers may process the informations about the brand consciously or unconsciously. However, most studies about brand familiarity has analyzed the effects of consumers' conscious processing about brand informations and selected the well-known brands as stimuli. Thus, we raised two important research issues in this study. First, we attempt to extend the knowledge about implicit memory by analyzing priming effects across information processing types. We recognized that prior studies have focused on priming effects under non-cognitive information processing condition. Second, we attempt to test the feasibility of implicit memory performance as a brand familiarity index by analyzing the changing trends of those variables with more exposures to brand informations.
For this purpose, we developed experimental designs to measure implicit memory performance and brand familiarity by information processing types and exposure frequencies. The dependent variables for this experiment were implicit memory performance, brand familiarity and brand attitude. We manipulated the information processing types(cognitive vs. non-cognitive) and number of exposures to brand slogans(one exposure, two times exposures, three times exposures) as between-subjects factors and brand recognition level(existing brands with high recognition, existing brands with low recognition and new brands) as within-subjects factors.
Two hundred twenty two students who took introductory marketing classes participated in this experiment and went through practice, learning to brand slogans, distracter test and performance measurement stages in order, depending on experimental conditions. We provided exercise samples to the participants to give some idea about tasks requested in the following learning period. In learning period, we showed target brand slogans in the screen and asked participants to read the slogans carefully or to count the number of consonants in the brand slogans, depending on the conditions of information processing types.
Hypotheses relating to the dependent variables were examined by ANOVAs followed by contrast between treatment groups. First, we found higher memory performances from exposures to the well known brands and no significant differences in the magnitude of memory performances by information processing types, confirming prior study results about implicit memory. On the other hand, we did not find higher memory performances from exposures to new brands under non-cognitive information conditions, indicating that exposure to brand information is not a sufficient condition for the priming effects. Second, we found similar change patterns of implicit memory performance and brand familiarity scores according to number of exposures. More specifically, participants showed better implicit memory performances and higher brand familiarities simultaneously with more exposures to lowly recognized brands. Brand familiarity significantly increased only after implicit memory performances became higher with enough exposures to the new brands. On the other hand, no consistent change patterns were found in case of well known existing brands.
Lastly, we summarized the study results and discussed managerial implications for brand managers. We also indicated the limitations of this study and future research directions to overcome those limitations and extend the findings of this study.