東學의 西學ㆍ西洋에 대한 인식의 변화 양상 = Donghak's Changes in Its Awareness on the Catholic & the Western civilization

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Through the Donggyungdaejeon (東經大全) & the Yongdamyusa (龍潭遺詞), the basic scriptures of Donghak, this paper explored changes in its awareness on the Catholic & the Western civilization in its establishment and development process. Besides the paper investigated Choi Si-Hyung's awareness on Western World. The result investigated is as follows.
It is highly likely that Choi Je-Woo was awareness on the Catholic & the Western civilization during the process making a trip around the world and attaining Nirvana. However, we can't know whether he had any negative awareness on the Catholic & the Western civilization.
While having some attention on the western missionary's evangelism logic in the book, 〈Podeokmun〉 (布德文) in the spring of 1861, he recognized the Western as strong being. However there was no rival thinking or negative attitude against the Catholic & the Western civilization in the book.
As Donghak entered its public propagation process earnestly, Choi Je-Woo faced the situation that following people didn't understand the Western-Learning rightly and were confused the learning in the song of 〈Anshimga〉(安心歌) written in July of 1861. Although his some remarks belittling the Catholic were seen in the book, there appeared no aggressive criticism or exclusive attitude against Western power & its civilization.
In January of 1862, he wrote the book of 〈Nonhakmun〉 (論學文) for the Yangban (noblemen) scholars, and the song of 〈Gwonhakga〉 (勸學歌) to commoners. In the 〈Nonhakmun〉, he emphasized that his religion was different from the Catholic with some specifical reasoning. Emphasizing his religion's differentiation from the Catholic, the region was named as 'Dong-hak' (Eastern Learning) in this process. In the 〈Gwonhakga〉, he criticized the Catholic for its ignorance of traditional manners & orders including the ancestral rites or the ancestor worship in order to emphasize Donghak's differentiation from it.
Judging from the above discussion, it is thought that the opinion seeing Donghak as a kind of resist ideology established to resist against the Catholic will have to be corrected. Though Choi Je-Woo recognized the Catholic from early time of his attainment of Nirvana, he didn't appear any exclusive attitude to the learning and Western World. It can be considered that his criticism against the Catholic was carried for the purpose emphasizing his religion's differentiation from the learning. After then, it is judged that Choi Si-Hyung directly succeeded Choi Je-Woo's criticism logics against the Catholic & the Western civilization who activated in the previous period. Especially, in the book of 〈Gangseo〉 (降書), he severely criticized Western Power's armed aggression and insisted that people equipped with the moralism should fight against the Western Power. Therefore, it was the Choi Si-Hyung who formed some Donghak followers' aggressive will againt the Western.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 문제의 소재
• 2. 최제우의 西學ㆍ西洋에 대한 인식
• 3. 최시형의 西洋 勢力에 대한 인식과 대결 의지 : 〈降書〉
• 4. 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

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