Concrete strength monitoring based on the variation of ultrasonic waveform acquired by piezoelectric aggregates

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ultrasonic waves provide a non-destructive and sensitive way to monitor the concrete hydration. However, limited works are reported to monitor the evolution of the mechanical parameter at early ages. In this study, modified piezoelectric aggregates are embedded inside a concrete beam to excite and receive primary waves. A hydration index, namely, the variation of ultrasonic waveform (VUW) is developed to characterize the variation of the transmitted waves during the hydration process. The recorded hydration indices are compared with the compressive strength measured by destructive test at different ages. The results show that the VUW is closer to the compressive strength than the other two traditional hydration indices, ultrasonic velocity and wave packet energy. The proposed VUW provides a simple and accurate way to monitor the concrete hydration at early ages.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kong, Q. Z., "Very early age concrete hydration characterization monitoring using piezoceramic based smart aggregates" 22 (22): 7-, 2013

2 Yim, H. J., "Ultrasonic monitoring of the setting of cement-based materials : Frequency dependence" 65 : 518-525, 2014

3 Lu, Y. Y., "Ultrasonic monitoring of the early-age hydration of mineral admixtures incorporated concrete using cement-based piezoelectric composite sensors" 26 (26): 280-291, 2015

4 Trtnik, G., "Ultrasonic assessment of initial compressive strength gain of cement based materials" 67 : 148-155, 2015

5 Kim, J. H., "Ultrasonic Wave Reflection and Resonant Frequency Measurements for Monitoring Early-Age Concrete" 21 (21): 476-483, 2009

6 Muhammad Saleem, "Study to detect bond degradation in reinforced concrete beams using ultrasonic pulse velocity test method" 국제구조공학회 64 (64): 427-436, 2017

7 Sajid, S. H., "Strength estimation of concrete masonry units using stress-wave methods" 163 : 518-528, 2018

8 Song, G. B., "Smart aggregates : multi-functional sensors for concrete structures : A tutorial and a review" 17 (17): 033001-, 2008

9 Popovics, J. S., "Review of Ultrasonic Wave Reflection Applied to Early-Age Concrete and Cementitious Materials" 34 (34): 12-, 2015

10 Feng, Q., "Real-Time Monitoring of Early-Age Concrete Strength Using Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregates" 32 (32): 6-, 2019

11 Carette, J., "Monitoring the setting process of eco-binders by ultrasonic P-wave and S-wave transmission velocity measurement : Mortar vs concrete" 110 : 32-41, 2016

12 Qin, L., "Monitoring of cement hydration using embedded piezoelectric transducers" 17 (17): 6-, 2008

13 Shin, S. W., "Improved Rayleigh wave velocity measurement for nondestructive early-age concrete monitoring" 18 (18): 45-68, 2007

14 Zhou, L., "Identification of the structural damage mechanism of BFRP bars reinforced concrete beams using smart transducers based on time reversal method" 220 : 615-627, 2019

15 Yoon, H., "Evaluation of Early-Age Concrete Compressive Strength with Ultrasonic Sensors" 17 (17): 15-, 2017

16 Muhammad Saleem, "Evaluating the pull-out load capacity of steel bolt using Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity test" 국제구조공학회 65 (65): 601-609, 2018

17 Deraemaeker, A., "Embedding ultrasonic transducers in concrete : A lifelong monitoring technology" 194 : 42-50, 2019

18 Byun, Y. H., "Elastic wave characterization of controlled low-strength material using embedded piezoelectric transducers" 127 : 210-219, 2016

19 Yan, S., "Development and application of a structural health monitoring system based on wireless smart aggregates" 17 (17): 1641-, 2017

20 Voigt, T., "Determination of early age mortar and concrete strength by ultrasonic wave reflections" 15 (15): 247-254, 2003

21 Liu, Y., "Debonding detection of reinforced concrete(RC)beam with near-surface mounted(NSM)pre-stressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)plates using embedded piezoceramic smart aggregates(SAs)" 10 (10): 50-, 2020

22 Janapati, V., "Damage detection sensitivity characterization of acousto-ultrasound-based structural health monitoring techniques" 15 (15): 143-161, 2016

23 Xu, K., "Damage detection of a concrete column subject to blast loads using embedded piezoceramic transducers" 18 (18): 1377-, 2018

24 Wang, Z. J., "Damage Quantification with Embedded Piezoelectric Aggregates Based on Wavelet Packet Energy Analysis" 19 (19): 20-, 2019

25 Silva, P., "Cyclic crack monitoring of a reinforced concrete column under simulated pseudo-dynamic loading using piezoceramic-based smart aggregates" 6 (6): 341-, 2016

26 Oh, T., "Concrete strength evaluation in an early-age curing process using SVM with ultrasonic harmonic waves" 58 (58): 609-616, 2016

27 Gu, H., "Concrete early-age strength monitoring using embedded piezoelectric transducers" 15 (15): 1837-1845, 2006

28 Trtnik, G., "Comparison between two ultrasonic methods in their ability to monitor the setting process of cement pastes" 39 (39): 876-882, 2009

29 Tsioulou, O., "Combined Non-Destructive Testing(NDT)method for the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete(UHPFRC)" 131 : 66-77, 2017

30 Francesco Porco, "Assessment of concrete degradation in existing structures: a practical procedure" 국제구조공학회 52 (52): 701-721, 2014

31 Lei Qin, "Analysis on an improved resistance tuning type multi-frequency piezoelectric spherical transducer" 국제구조공학회 24 (24): 435-446, 2019

32 Kong, Q., "A novel embeddable spherical smart aggregate for structural health monitoring: Part II. Numerical and experimental verifications" 26 (26): 095051-, 2017

33 Kong, Q., "A novel embeddable spherical smart aggregate for structural health monitoring: Part I. Fabrication and electrical characterization" 26 (26): 095050-, 2017

34 Gao, W., "A Novel Embeddable Tubular Piezoceramics-Based Smart Aggregate for Damage Detection in Two-Dimensional Concrete Structures" 19 (19): 1501-, 2019