정부 재정지원과 규제의 관점에서 본 미국 중등 사학 실태 분석 및 시사점 = Are Regulations a Precondition of Government Financial Support?: An Analysis of Secondary Private Schools in the United States

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 미국 중등 사학의 제도적 변천과정 및 실태를 국가의 재정지원과 규제의 관점에서 분석함으로써 우리나라 중등 사학정책에 주는 시사점을 도출할 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 각종 문헌 및 통계자료를 바탕으로 미국 중등사학의 제도화 과정 및 현황, 정부의 재정지원 실태와 쟁점, 중등 사학에 대한 정부 규제의 근거 등을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 미국의 사학은 종교단체를 중심으로 자신들의 교육 철학과 건학 이념을 구현하기 위해 설립되었으며, 점차 다양화되는 과정을 거쳐 미국 초·중등 학생의 11%를 교육시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사학에 대한 정부의 재정지원은 국가와 교회의 분리 원칙에 따라 금지되어 있으며 따라서 사립학교에 대한 직접 지원은 금기시된다. 다만, 사립학교에 다니는 학생을 보호한다는 차원에서 학생에게 직접 혜택이 가도록 용도와 목적을 지정하여 서비스를 제공한다. 한편, 사학에 대한 정부의 규제는 연방대법원 판례를 근거로 매우 제한적으로 행사된다. 그 결과 사립학교들은 정부의 간섭으로부터 비교적 자유롭고 교육내용과 방법 면에서 공학과의 차별성을 유지한다. 이상의 분석을 토대로 우리나라 사학을 대상으로 한 재정정책 및 개선에 주는 시사점을 도출하여 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study seeks to analyze the historical process and current conditions of secondary private schools in the United States from the contrasting viewpoint of governmental financial support and regulations. To achieve these research goals, we reviewed documents and statistics to analyze the institutionalization process of U.S. secondary private schools, the grounds for government regulations on private schools, and government funding realities and controversies. The analysis showed that U.S. private schools were established generally by religious bodies to realize their educational philosophy and ideas, and account for only 11% of entire school education. Based on the idea of separation of church and state, government funding for private schools is prohibited in principle, so the direct financial support for private schools is forbidden. Instead, to protect and benefit students who attend private schools, the financial support is provided directly to the students with its purpose and objectives explicitly specified. On the other hand, the government regulation on private schools is very limitedly exercised on the basis of the Federal Supreme Court’s precedents. As a result, private schools have enjoyed considerable freedom from government intervention and have maintained distinctive characteristics in terms of educational content and method. Based on the findings, we draw some implications for the fiscal policy and improvement priorities targeting private secondary schools in Korea.

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