누가, 언제 더 괴로운가?: 배우자 사별 전후 우울증상 성차의 종단연구 = Who Suffers More and When?: A Longitudinal Study on Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms due to Spousal Bereavement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to identify the trajectory of depressive symptoms experienced by Koreans in their mid-to-later life before and after the death of their spouses and examine how gender influences their trajectories. A random effect regression analysis was conducted using a sample of 8,672 individuals aged 45 or older from the 2006-2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Panel. The results are twofold.
First, the depression following a spousal bereavement deepened over time for both men and women, but women showed more rapid changes in their trajectories compared to men. Second, the depressive symptoms increased even before the death of their spouses only for women, and this pre-widow effect can account for the gender differences in long-term depression. The results suggest that the stress caused by spousal bereavements may partially be socially constructed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 대한민국 중고령자 인구가 배우자의 사망 전후에 걸쳐 겪게 되는 우울증상의 궤적을 확인하고 그 장기간의궤적이 성별에 의해 다르게 나타나는지 여부를 검증하는 것이다. 구체적으로 배우자의 사망을 전후로 하여 시점에 따라 우울증상의개수에 나타나는 변화 양상을 파악하기 위해 2006년부터 2020년까지 8개 시점의 한국고령화연구패널을 활용하여 총 8,672명의 중고령자남녀를 대상으로 확률효과모형 패널회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 배우자 사별로 인한 우울증상의 심화는남녀 모두에게 나타났으나, 그 양상은 성별에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 구체적으로 여성의 경우는 급격하게 증가하였다가 감소하는 형태로나타났으며, 남성의 경우는 증가와 감소 모두 완만한 형태로 진행되었다. 둘째, 여성에게서 배우자 사망 이전부터 우울증상이 증가하는효과가 나타났으며 이러한 사별-전 효과의 성차는 배우자 사별로 인한 우울증상의 성차를 설명한다. 이 결과는 배우자 사별로 인한스트레스가 일정부분 사회적으로 구성된 것일 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

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