Matrix Enhancement Effect: A Blessing or a Curse for Gas Chromatography? = Matrix Enhancement Effect: A Blessing or a Curse for Gas Chromatography?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The matrix enhancement effect in gas chromatography (GC) has been a problem for the last decade as it results in unexpected high recovery. Most of the efforts, including the use of different types of injectors/matrix simplification procedure, and further clean-up associated with removing this effect was focused on equalizing the response of the standard in the solvent and matrix. However, after eliminating the matrix enhancement effect, the sensitivity of GC remained unchanged. But, GC sensitivity can be increased by utilizing this matrix effect originating from a matrix matched standard. Very few studies have highlighted utilizing the matrix effect but have rather advocated eliminating it. Analyte protectants (3-ethoxy-1, 2-propanediol, gulonolactone and sorbitol) have been introduced as an alternative for GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) (not examined for other GC detectors), as they equalize the response without removing the matrix effect, and, hence, increase sensitivity. Versatile applications of analyte protectants are not observed in practice. The European guidelines recommend use of matrix matched standard calibration for residue measurements. As a result, numerous applications are available for matrix matched standards that compensate for the matrix effect. Moreover, the matrices (among them pepper leaf matrix) can act as a protectant for thermolabileanalytes in some cases. A lower detection limit should be achieved from the GC detector to comply with the maximum residue limits. Therefore, the matrix enhancement effect, which is considered a problem, can play an important role in lowering the detection limit by increasing the transfer of analyte from the injection port to the detector.