한국 서원 장서의 구축과 관리 제도의 변화 = Changes in the construction and management system of Korean seowon collections of books

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The collection of seowon in Korea was built by donation, purchase, and publication. Although there are differences by seowon and period, the foundation of the collection was formed by internal copies issued by the government and copies donated by local officials, descendants and writers. In connection with the operation of the early seowon, the donation of these books greatly reduced the seowon's finances. Also, most of the books donated at that time were scriptures, librarians, and neo-confucian book, which were essential for the education of Confucian scholars as specified in the original rules. From the middle of the 17th century onwards, the donation of books from individual local government officials or other seowons and families increased rather than banjil by the state. In addition to this, the provision of books through mutual exchange or transcripts is also shown.
On the other hand, purchasing books through purchase has been the most common way to organize a collection of seowon since the early days of seowon. In addition, it was continuously used in that it was possible to obtain the necessary books for each seowon. In fact, most seowon had to have their own collections since their establishment. The collection of collections through donation and visitation corresponds to some special vows. However, it was difficult to purchase books in bulk due to the restrictions and cost burden of the place of purchase, and some were unable to purchase the books they wanted. Therefore, methods such as withdrawals, transcriptions, and exchanges, which are less costly, were preferred. However, since the 18th century, most of the seowon lost their educational function due to financial deterioration, and many seowon did not even have a collection. The availability of collections through publication differed according to the status of the jehyangin and the economic power of the seowon. Therefore, the publication of the seowon was carried out centering on the base seowon in each region. Most of the books published in Seowon are the collections and books of Jehyangin.
One of the main tasks of the seowon was to manage the books collected in this way and the bookshelves produced. In the seowon, books were stored in Jangseogak and Seogak, etc., covered with bookcases. In addition, manuscripts and documents generated during the operation of the seowon were stored separately according to their characteristics. Among them, the books considered particularly important in the seowon were kept in separate boxes. Bookboards were stored in the Jangpangak.
Most of the seowons wongyu, and regular inspections and taking out of books were prohibited. However, since the 18th century, as the finances of the seowon became difficult and many seowons were built, they had to comply with the book rental requests of local officials, descendants, and some influential families who directly affect the operation of the seowon. In response, Wanmun and Wanui were enacted to crack down on book rental and strengthen management, but to no avail. Therefore, reflecting the reality that it is difficult to prevent books from being taken out, the regulations for lending books were revised, but responsibility for loss or damage of books was clarified.
As such, Korean seowon have accumulated collections in various ways over a long period of time since the 16th century, and intellectuals in rural areas acquired and disseminated knowledge while using seowons. In addition to this library role, Jehyangin's books were transmitted and spread by publishing and disseminating his books. In the process of book plate production and book dissemination, seowon was able to establish and expand social networks, and through it, it was able to establish itself as an educational institution representing the region and an institution for forming public opinion.

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