소나무 유령림의 임목밀도 조절이 탄소 동태에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Tree Density Control on Carbon Dynamics in Young Pinus densiflora stands

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 소나무림의 간벌에 따른 임분의 바이오매스 변화, 토양 CO₂ 발생량, 낙엽 및 뿌리의 분해율을 조사하여 연간 탄소 동태를 파악하고자 수행되었다. 8년생 소나무 묘포장에 대조구, 간벌지(50%), 개벌지를 각 3 방형구씩 조성하였고, 나지는 한 방형구를 조성하였다. 측정은 2012년 3월부터 2014년 2월까지 이뤄졌다. 연평균 근원직경 증가는 대조구 0.89 cm, 간벌지 1.48 cm로 대조구보다 간벌지에서 컸다(p<0.05). 연평균 순생산량은 대조구 5.17 kg C m^­2 yr^­1, 간벌지 4.85 kg C m^-2 yr^-1로 나타났다. 연간 토양 CO₂ 발생량은 대조구, 간벌지, 개벌지, 나지에서 각각 3.71, 3.90, 4.17, 4.56 kg CO₂ m^-2 yr^-1으로 식생의 제거는 토양 CO₂ 발생을 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 토양 CO₂발생은 토양온도와 양의 상관관계가 있으나 토양수분과는 뚜렷한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 순생태계생산량(NEP)은 대조구 1.57 kg C m^-2 yr^-1, 간벌지 1.36 kg C m^-2 yr^-1, 개벌지 -0.67 kg C m^-2 yr^-1, 나지 -1.25 kg C m^-2 yr^-1으로, 식생 유무에 따른 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 간벌은 임분 내 개체목의 근원직경과 탄소량을 증가시켰고, 1년 후 간벌재로 반출 된 탄소량의 86%를 회복했다. 또한 토양 CO₂ 발생량을 증가시켰고, 순생태계생산량을 증가시켰다. 소규모의 연구임에도 불구하고, 본 연구의 결과는 간벌에 의한 임분 밀도 조절이 소나무 유령림의 탄소저장량 증대와 생장에 있어 효과적임을 보여 주었다. 이는 우리나라에서 기후변화 완화를 위한 적극적인 소나무림의 경영이 필요함을 시사한다. 추후 실제 소나무림에서 영급별, 간벌 강도별, 지위별 등 다양한 변수를 고려한 장기적 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objective of this study was to examine carbon dynamics with biomass, soil CO₂ efflux, litter and root decomposition after tree density control in young Pinus densiflora stands. The stands were established with 50% thinning, clear-cut, and control stands with three pseudo-replicated plots and a bare soil plot in 8-year-old Pinus densiflora nursery field. Monthly measurements were conducted from March 2012 to February 2014 and aboveground biomass and coarse-roots were estimated by derived allometric equations. Average diameter growth at root collar in control and thinned was 0.89 cm and 1.48 cm per year, respectively, and the diameter growth of control stand was significantly higher than that of thinned stands (p<0.05). Total biomass was estimated to 5.17, 4.85 kg C m^-2 per year in control and thinned, respectively. Annual soil CO₂ efflux in control, thinned, clear cut, and bare soil was 3.71, 3.90, 4.17, 4.56 kg CO₂ m^-2 yr^-1, respectively and removing trees significantly increased soil CO₂ efflux (p<0.05). Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) was 1.57, 1.36, -0.67, -1.25 kg C m^-2 yr^-1 in control, thinned, clear cut and bare soil in the young Pinus densiflora stands. NEP was significantly decreased by removing trees. Thinning increased diameter at root collar and carbon of individual tree and recovered 86% of carbon removed by thinning after one-year. In addition, soil CO₂ efflux increased and NEP increased by thinning. Results of this study, tree density control such as thinning increased the carbon storage and growth of the young Pinus densiflora stands.

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