近代化의 槪念規定에 關한 一硏究 = A Study on Defining the Concepts of Modernization

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is an attempt to clarify the concepts of the term Modernization. It is commonly defined in two ways in the broad sense of the term. One is the historical view point and the other is the view point of social science. Also, as an intermediate way of the definition, we face, sometimes, the theory of the stage development which originated in Karl Marx.
However, in this paper, the definitions based on both the historical theory and that of the stage development are denied, and an effort was made mainly on the viewpoint of social sciece.
As an approach to this study, various scholastic opinions were collected, analized, and appraised. Viewed from the stand-point of social science the result led to a conclusive definition of the term Modernization. It was also proved the concept of modernization is one that is irrelevant to historical age.
The scholars whose views are mainly quoted here are John Hall, C.E.Black, R.P.Dore, D.Rustow, Tominaga-Genitchi, Takajima-Yoshinari, Kibyuk-Cha and others. Besides them Max Weber, W.W.Rostow, and D.E.Apter's opinions were also considered.
General concept of the term can be defined as "Industrialization, mechanization" and "Democratization, Nationalization". This fulfilment in economy and economic factors can not be realized in all social systems but only in the free-democratic society. Communist countries such as Soviet Russia or Red China are the abnormal cases in the process of the Modernization. This sickness is a phenomenon such as Fascism and Nazism.
If we concentrate the concepts of the Modernization on "Industrialization" and "Democratization", the former is usually considered to be more important. But no less important is the spiritual dimension. If we regard industrialization as modernization, it can be safely said that the communist societies can also achieve it. But as R.P.Dore points out it is only "partial modernization" or "unsuccessful Modernization".
The conclusion of this paper is as follows :
① The term modernization used nowadays in many countries is a term of social science, sublimated from its historical concept.
② Modernization is based on the free-democratic societies, and is a kind of disease, transitional phenomenon in the communist societies which is seen in the process of modernization.
③ The concept of modernization includes the contemporization. That is to say, the term modernization used today in underdeveloped countries is a broader and complex concept which includes the effort of contemporization(writer's own word). It is only an emotional and stimulative expression of Modernization.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序言
• Ⅱ. 諸學者의 近代化 槪念規定
• Ⅲ. 近代化 槪念論攷
• Ⅳ. 近代化와 現代化
• Ⅴ. 結言