토니 모리슨의『타르 베이비』에 나타난 세계시민주의 전망 = The Cosmopolitan Vision in Toni Morrison`s Tar Baby

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to explore Toni Morrison’s cosmopolitan vision in Tar Baby by focusing on the construction of Jadine’s identity as a cosmopolitan subject. In most novels, Toni Morrison usually deals with issues of African American identity in the white-dominated American society, pursuing the identity politics. However, she reveals a cosmopolitan vision in Tar Baby by exploring the conflicts of two opposite values, Black nationalism and cosmopolitan ideas represented by two main characters. Morrison criticizes exclusive and male-centered Black nationalism represented by Son, and characterizes Jadine as a ‘restless’ subject on the ‘routes’ of identity in the conflict and hybridity of black and white cultures. Morrison shows a cosmopolitan vision by stressing Jadine’s unstable identity on the ‘routes’ in the conflicts of various values related to race and sex. Jadine resists the black traditional values which oppress female sexuality and force women to prioritize the roles as a mother and a daughter. She pursues a cosmopolitan life in which she makes a success by utilizing the benefits provided by the white world and being willing to accept the unstable but independent life. Seemingly, the process of her identity and self-realization is dominated by white values, but Morrison suggests the possibility of her change by emphasizing her contact with the black culture and the powerful impact it has on the construction of her identity.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Callinicos, Alex, "제국이라는 유령: 네그리와 하트의 제국론 비판" 이매진 2007

2 애피아, 콰메 앤터니, "세계시민주의: 이방인들의 세계를 위한 윤리학" 바이북스 2008

3 이영철, "『타르 베이비』와『낙원』에 나타난 모리슨의 다인종·다문화주의" 현대영미어문학회 28 (28): 67-82, 2010

4 Lydon, Susan, "What’s an Intelligent Woman to Do?" 26 : 40-41, 1981

5 Kim, Aeju, "Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby" 40 : 192-211, 1994

6 Samuels, Wilfred D., "Toni Morrison" Twayne Publishers 1990

7 Goyal, Yogita, "The Gender of Diaspora in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby" 52 (52): 394-414, 2006

8 Heinze, Denise, "The Dilemma of “Double-Consciousness”: Toni Morrison’s Novels" Georgia UP 1993

9 Beck, Ulrich, "The Cosmopolitan Vision" Polity P 2006

10 Schoene, Berthold, "The Cosmopolitan Novel" Edinburgh UP 2009

11 Hyuckmi, Kwon, "The Conflict between Purity and Hybridity in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby" 3 (3): 27-60, 2006

12 Gilroy, Paul, "The Black Atlantic" Harvard UP 1993

13 Morrison, Toni, "Tar Baby" Vintage Books 2004

14 Tölölyan, Khachig, "Rethinking Diaspora(s): Stateless Power in the Transnational Moment" 5 : 3-36, 1996

15 Bouson, J. Brooks, "Quiet As It’s Kept: Shame, Trauma, and Race in the Novels of Toni Morrison" State U of New York P 2000

16 Hyeongcheol Jeong, "Postcolonialism & Cosmoplitanism" Dongin 2013

17 Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark" Random House 1990

18 Craig, Betty Jean, "Laying the Ladder Down: The Emergence of Cultural Holism" Massachusetts UP 1992

19 Harris, Trudier, "Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison" Tennessee UP 1991

20 Michael, Hardt, "Empire" Harvard UP 2001

21 Kalra, S. Virinder, "Diaspora & Hybridity" ECO-LIVRES 2013

22 Werner, Craig, "Critical Essays on Toni Morrison" G.K. Hall 150-167, 1988

23 Caldwell, Gail, "Conversations with Toni Morrison" Mississippi UP 239-245, 1994

24 Ruas, Charles, "Conversations with American Writers" Afred Knoph 215-243, 1985

25 Hall, Stuart, "Colonial Discourse and Postcolonial Theory: A Reader" Columbia UP 392-403, 1994

26 Craig, Betty Jean, "American Patriotism in a Global Society" State U of New York P 1996

27 Lee Seung-eun, "A Black Woman’s Self-Identity and its Illusion: Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby" 42 (42): 397-418, 1996