호박꽃과실파리 온도 발육모형 = Temperature-dependent Development Model of the Striped Fruit Fly, Bactrocera scutellata (Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

호박의 주요 해충인 호박꽃과실파리[Bactrocera scutellatus (Hendel)]를 항온항습기($24{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, $70{\pm}5%$ RH, 14L: 10D) 7개 온도(15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, $33{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, RH $70{\pm}5%$, 14L:10D)에서 온도발육실험을 수행하였다. 알의 온도별 발육기간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 4.2일로 가장 길었고 $33^{\circ}C$에서 0.9일이 걸려 온도가 증가할수록 발육기간은 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 유충은 2령을 제외한 1, 3령에서 온도가 증가 할수록 발육기간이 짧아지다가 $27^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 발육 속도가 둔화하였다. 번데기 기간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 21.5일로 가장 길었고 $33^{\circ}C$에서 7.6일로 온도가 증가할수록 짧아졌다. 알의 사망율은 $33^{\circ}C$에서 22.9%로 가장 높았으며, 유충의 사망율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 1, 2, 3령 각각 24.1, 27.3, 18.2% $33^{\circ}C$에서는 14.8, 17.4, 31.6%를 보여 고온과 저온에서 가장 높았다. 번데기 발육기가간증의 사망율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 18.2, $33^{\circ}C$에서 23.1%였다. 알, 유충, 번데기 기간의 발육영점온도는 12.5, 10.7, $6.3^{\circ}C$였고, 발육기간 동안의 발육영점온도는 $8.5^{\circ}C$였으며 알 유충, 번데기의 발육단계별 유효적산온도는 33.2, 118.3, 181.2일도였다. 각각의 온도에서 개체들의 발육기간을 평균 발육기간으로 나눈 값들을 3-parameter의 Weibull 함수에 적용한 결과 r2 값이 0.78-0.86 이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The striped fruit fly, Bactrocera scutellata, damages pumpkin and other cucurbitaceous plants. The developmental period of each stage was measured at seven constant temperatures (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and $33{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$). The developmental time of eggs ranged from 4.2 days at $15^{\circ}C$ to 0.9 days at $33^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of larvae was 4.2 days at $15^{\circ}C$, and slowed in temperatures above $27^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of pupa was 21.5 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and 7.6 days at $33^{\circ}C$. The mortality of eggs was 17.1% at $15^{\circ}C$ and 22.9% at $33^{\circ}C$, Larval mortalities (1st, 2nd, 3rd) were 24.1, 27.3 and 18.2%, respectively, at $15^{\circ}C$, Pupal mortalities were 18.2% at $15^{\circ}C$ and 23.1% at $33^{\circ}C$. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature fit both a linear model and a nonlinear model. The lower threshold temperatures of eggs, larvae, and pupae were 12.5, 10.7, and $6.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and threshold temperature of the total immature period was $8.5^{\circ}C$. The thermal constants required to complete the egg, larval, and pupal stages were 33.2, 118.3, and 181.2 DD, respectively. The distribution of each development stages was described by a 3-parameter Weibull function.

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