Drug Treated Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective and Bipolar Disorder Patients Evaluated by qEEG Absolute Spectral Power and Mean Frequency Analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: Research of electroencephalograph (EEG) power spectrum and mean frequency has shown inconsistent results inpatients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders during medication when compared to normal subjects thus;the characterization of these parameters is an important task.
Methods: We applied quantitative EEG (qEEG) to investigate 38 control, 15 schizophrenic, 7 schizoaffective and 11 bipolar disordersubjects which remained under the administration of psychotropic drugs (except control group). Absolute spectral power (ASP),mean frequency and hemispheric electrical asymmetry were measured by 19 derivation qEEG. Group mean values were comparedwith non parametrical Mann-Whithney test and spectral EEG maps with z-score method at p＜0.05.
Results: Most frequent drug treatments for schizophrenic patients were neuroleptic+antiepileptic (40% of cases) or 2 neuroleptics(33.3%). Schizoaffective patients received neuroleptic+benzodiazepine (71.4%) and for bipolar disorder patients neuroleptic+antiepileptic (81.8%). Schizophrenic (at all derivations except for Fp1, Fp2, F8 and T6) and schizoaffective (only at C3)show higher values of ASP (+57.7% and +86.1% respectively) compared to control group. ASP of bipolar disorder patients didnot show differences against control group. The mean frequency was higher at Fp1 (+14.2%) and Fp2 (+17.4%) in bipolar disorderpatients than control group, but no differences were found in frequencies between schizophrenic or schizoaffective patientsagainst the control group. Majority of spectral differences were found at the left hemisphere in schizophrenic and schizoaffectivebut not in bipolar disorder subjects.
Conclusion: The present report contributes to characterize quantitatively the qEEG in drug treated schizophrenic, schizoaffectiveor bipolar disorder patients.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Boutros NN, "The status of spectral EEG abnormality as a diagnostic test for schizophrenia" 99 : 225-237, 2008

2 Stevens JR, "Telemetered EEG-EOG during psychotic behaviors of schizophrenia" 36 : 251-262, 1979

3 Beasley CM Jr, "Safety of olanzapine" 58 (58): 13-17, 1997

4 Miller A, "Regional patterns of brain activity in adults with a history of childhood-onset depression: gender differences and clinical variability" 159 : 934-940, 2002

5 Coulthard J., "QuikGrid 3-D rendering of a surface represented by scattered data points"

6 John ER, "Quantitative electrophysiological characteristics and subtyping of schizophrenia" 36 : 801-826, 1994

7 Czobor P, "Quantitative electroencephalogram examination of effects of risperidone in schizophrenic patients" 13 : 332-342, 1993

8 Begić D, "Quantitative EEG in ‘positive' and ‘negative' schizophrenia" 101 : 307-311, 2000

9 Begić D, "Quantitative EEG in schizophrenic patients before and during pharmacotherapy" 41 : 166-170, 2000

10 Yamadera H, "Pharmaco-EEG mapping of diazepam effects using different references and absolute and relative power" 26 : 254-258, 1993

11 Nunez PL, "Neocortical dynamics and human EEG rhythms" Oxford University Press 123-145, 1995

12 Umbricht D, "Medical complications of new antipsychotic drugs" 22 : 475-483, 1996

13 Joutsiniemi SL, "Marked clozapineinduced slowing of EEG background over frontal, central, and parietal scalp areas in schizophrenic patients" 18 : 9-13, 2001

14 Vuga M, "Long-term stability of frontal electroencephalographic asymmetry in adults with a history of depression and controls" 59 : 107-115, 2006

15 World Health Organization, "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) Volume 2, Instruction Manual" WHO 2010

16 Kikuchi M, "Individual analysis of EEG band power and clinical drug response in schizophrenia" 51 : 183-190, 2005

17 Baldessarini RJ., "Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics" McGraw-Hill 447-483, 2001

18 Wyderski RJ, "Fatal status epilepticus associated with olanzapine therapy" 33 : 787-789, 1999

19 Galderisi S, "Evidence-based medicine and electrophysiology in schizophrenia" 40 : 62-77, 2009

20 Bridgers SL., "Epileptiform abnormalities discovered on electroencephalographic screening of psychiatric inpatients" 44 : 312-316,

21 Niedermeyer E, "Electroencephalography:basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields" Williams & Wilkins 235-251, 1993

22 Nagase Y, "Electroencephalography in schizophrenic patients: comparison between neuroleptic-naive state and after treatment" 40 : 452-456, 1996

23 현준, "Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Quantitative EEG among Patients with Schizophrenia-spectrum Disorders" 대한정신약물학회 9 (9): 78-85, 2011

24 Saletu B, "EEG-brain mapping in schizophrenics with predominantly positive and negative symptoms. Comparative studies with remoxipride/haloperidol" 1 : 27-36, 1990

25 Itil TM, "EEG findings in chronic schizophrenics based on digital computer period analysis and analog power spectra" 5 : 1-13, 1972

26 Fink M., "EEG and behavior: Association or dissociation in man?" 9 : 108-113, 1993

27 Centorrino F, "EEG abnormalities during treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics" 159 : 109-115, 2002

28 Kemali D, "Computerized EEG topography findings in schizophrenic patients before and after haloperidol treatment" 13 : 283-290, 1992

29 Small JG, "Computerized EEG profiles of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, clozapine and placebo in treatment resistant schizophrenia" 18 : 124-135, 1987

30 McCarley RW, "Combining ERP and structural MRI information in first episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder" 39 : 57-60, 2008

31 Small JG, "Clinical and quantitative EEG studies of mania" 53 : 217-224, 1999

32 Sponheim SR, "Clinical and biological concomitants of resting state EEG power abnormalities in schizophrenia" 48 : 1088-1097, 2000

33 Hunter AM, "Changes in brain function (quantitative EEG cordance) during placebo lead-in and treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depression" 163 : 1426-1432, 2006

34 Guenther W, "Bilateral brain dysfunction during motor activation in type II schizophrenia measured by EEG mapping" 23 : 295-311, 1988

35 van der Stelt O, "Application of electroencephalography to the study of cognitive and brain functions in schizophrenia" 33 : 955-970, 2007

36 Knyazeva MG, "Alpha rhythm and hypofrontality in schizophrenia" 118 : 188-199, 2008

37 Li Y, "Abnormal EEG complexity in patients with schizophrenia and depression" 119 : 1232-1241, 2008