법음성학에서의 오디오 신호의 위변조 구간 자동 검출 방법 연구 = An Automatic Method of Detecting Audio Signal Tampering in Forensic Phonetics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We propose a novel scheme for digital audio authentication of given audio files which are edited by inserting small audio segments from different environmental sources. The purpose of this research is to detect inserted sections from given audio files. We expect that the proposed method will assist human investigators by notifying suspected audio section which considered to be recorded or transmitted on different environments. GMM-UBM and GSV-SVM are applied for modeling the dominant environment of a given audio file. Four kinds of likelihood ratio based scores and SVM score are used to measure the likelihood for a dominant environment model. We also use an ensemble score which is a combination of the aforementioned five kinds of scores. In the experimental results, the proposed method shows the lowest average equal error rate when we use the ensemble score. Even when dominant environments were unknown, the proposed method gives a similar accuracy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 1. 서론
• 2. 제안한 위변조 검출 시스템
• 3. 성능 평가
• 4. 결론 및 향후 연구
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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2 Young, S., "The HTK Book(for HTK Version 3. 4)" Cambridge University Engineering Department 2009

3 Brixen, E. B., "Techniques for the authentication of digital audio recording"

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6 Reynolds, D. A., "Speaker Verification Using Adapted Gaussian Mixture Models" 10 : 19-41, 2000

7 "Opus Codec"

8 Chang, C., "LIBSVM -- A Library for Support Vector Machines"

9 "LAME MP3 Encoder"

10 Jenner, F., "Highly accurate non-intrusive speech forensics for codec identifications from observed decoded signals" 1737-1740, 2012

11 "FFmpeg"

12 Nicolade, D. P., "Evaluating digital audio authenticity with spectral distances and ENF phase change" 1417-1420, 2009

13 Ojowu, O, "ENF extraction from digital recordings using adaptive techniques and frequency tracking" 7 : 1330-1338, 2012

14 Kraetzer, C., "Digital audio forensics: a first practical evaluation on microphone and environment classification" 63-74, 2007

15 Luo, D., "Compression history identification for digital audio signal" 1733-1736, 2012

16 Garcia-Romero, D., "Automatic acquisition device identification from speech recordings" 1806-1809, 2010

17 Grigoras, C., "Applications of ENF analysis in forensic authentication of digital audio and video recording" 9 : 643-661, 2009

18 Malik, H, "Acoustic environment identification and its applications to audio forensics" 8 (8): 1827-1837, 2013