고려전기 君臣의 위상과 역할에 대한 관념 = The idea of the role and status between King and bureaucrat in the early Goryeo period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The national administration of Goryeo was led by King and bureaucratic cabinet according to the system. This government system reflects the idea of Goryeo's ruling class about the role and status between King and bureaucrat. This idea can be considered as the combination of King's supremacy in status and authority and bureaucrat's obedient role in national administration.
First of all, the King was thought as being given the divine right. The person who sat on the throne must be given it, and this right was given to Wang geon(王建) and his descendents. So Providence idea that only Wang geon's descendents could become King appeared and it could be confirmed by the idea that the next King succeeded to his ancestor's royal authority. This ban that any other family line could not become King protected Goryeo dynasty.
These ideas made the King as a superior being separated form his bureaucrat. The bureaucrats and people thought that the royal authority did not belong to them. So rebellion against royal authority or assassination of royal family were considered high treason. Moreover, the ruling class thought that only King had the real right of governing the nation, not bureaucrat cabinet. Especially, the rights of reward and punishment and personal promotion were considered King's unique rights.
Goryeo's ruling class recognized the royal authority as the actual power, not just the abstract concept. The King was not only the highest governor but also the strong leader who controlled the national administration. But they did not admit the dogmatic ruling of King. They were always cautious about King's dogmatic decisions and at the same time criticised that the powerful bureaucrats controlled the national government on their own. Goryeo's ruling class expected that King owned the actual leadership in the national administration but criticised that King and some bureaucrats lopsidedly managed on their way.
They also thought that King could control in the nation administration but also govern with his bureaucrats. The King was asked to treat his bureaucrat cabinet with proper manner. Its political meaning was that the King need to accept the bureaucrats' requests and arguments. So the King who followed this manner was recognized as the gracious King.
These ideas that Goryeo's ruling class had were well-shown in Jeong-gwan-jeong-yo(貞觀政要), a book widely read among them. This book contained that the ruler could control the government but manage the administration harmoniously with the bureaucratic cabinet. It emphasized the ruler's moral training and virtue that accepted bureaucrats' requests and arguments. This book accorded with Goryeo's ruling class so was wide spreaded among them. They also adapted ‘3 minister 6 department system’ from Dang to make their idea come real. As result, the political system of Goryeo was lead by King but the King governed the national administration with agreement of the bureaucratic cabinet. This political system attributed to stabilize politics in the early Goryeo period.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 국왕의 초월적 위상과 권한에 대한 관념
• Ⅲ. 국정운영에서 君臣의 역할에 대한 기대 관념
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉