Do Korean Speakers Perceptually Restore Assimilated Words in English?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Yun, Gwanhi. 2010. Do Korean Speakers Perceptually Restore Assimilated Words in English? Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-3, 767-795. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Korean L2 listeners activate L2 speakers' underlying phonemes from the assimilated ones specifically caused by English coronal place assimilation. Recently much of psycholinguistic research has found that L1 listeners activate speakers' intended forms even from the fully assimilated forms (Gaskell and Marslen-Wilson 1996, 1998; Gow 2002, 2003). Such perception studies obtained interesting results that native speakers could recover the underlying coronals from the fully assimilated coronals as well as from the partially assimilated noncoronals. Given the results for L1 speakers, the current study seeks to test the possibility of L2 listeners' recoverability of L1 speaker's intended word forms from the fully assimilated forms. Results from both identification test and ABX discrimination test showed that Korean L2 listeners substantially restored the underlying coronals from the assimilated words as well as noncronals although their recoverability was lower than native English speakers‘. Based on the observation that there are no significant acoustic differences between assimilated and unassimilated noncoronals, these results indicate that L2 listeners might be able to activate the underlying phonemes through phonological inferencing (Gaskell and Marslen-Wilson 1998). Based on the results, we also suggest a novel optimality theoretic account of phonological inferencing via perceptual constraints. (Daegu University)

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Berent, Iris, "What we Know about What we have Never Heard: Evidence from Perceptual Illusions" 104 : 591-630, 2007

2 Chomsky, Noam, "The Sound Pattern of English" Harper & Row 1968

3 Mitterer, Holger, "The Role of Perceptual Integration in the Recognition of Assimilated Word Forms" 59 : 139-142, 2006

4 Mitterer, Holger, "The Recognition of Phonologically Assimilated Words does not Depend on Specific Language Experience" 30 : 451-479, 2006

5 Lahiri,Aditi, "The Mental Representation of Lexical Form: A Phonological Approach to the Recognition Lexicon" 38 : 245-294, 1991

6 Holst,Tara, "The Influence of Syntactic Structure on [s] to [β] Assimilation, in Phonology and Phonetic Evidence: Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV" Cambridge University Press 315-333, 1995

7 Nolan,Francis, "The Descriptive Role of Segments: Evidence from Assimilation, in Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gestures, Segment, Prosody" Cambridge University Press 261-280, 1992

8 Pickett,James, "The Acoustics of Speech Communication" Allyn and Bacon 1999

9 Strange,Winifred, "Speech Perception in Second Language Learners, in Phonology and Second Language Acquisition" John Benjamins Publishing Company 154-191, 2008

10 Piroth,H.George, "Speaker-Dependent Differences in Voicing and Devoicing of German Obstruents" 32 : 81-109, 2004

11 Jun,Jungho, "Place Assimilation as the Result of Conflicting Perceptual and Articulatory Constraints, in The Proceedings of the 14th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics" CSLI 221-237, 1996

12 Gaskell,M.Gareth, "Phonological Variation and Inference in Lexical Access" 22 : 144-158, 1996

13 Darcy, Isabelle, "Phonological Knowledge in Compensation for Native and Non-Native Assimilation, in Variation and Gradience in Phonetics and Phonology" Mouton De Gruyter 265-309, 2009

14 Kakehi,Kazuhiko, "Phoneme/syllable Perception and the Temporal Structure of Speech, in Phonological Structure and Language Processing" Mouton de Gruyter 126-143, 1996

15 Gow,David W., "Perceptual Effects of Native and Non-native Assimilation" 2001

16 Port,Robert, "Neutralization of Syllable-Final Voicing in German" 13 : 455-471, 1985

17 Gaskell,M.Gareth, "Mechanisms of Phonological Inference in Speech Perception" 24 : 380-396, 1998

18 Boersma,Paul, "Loanword Adaptation as First-language Phonological Perception" ROA-975 2008

19 Berent, Iris, "Listeners' Knowledge of Phonological Universals: Evidence from Nasal Clusters" 26 : 75-108, 2009

20 Port,Robert, "Incomplete Neutralization and Pragmatics in German" 17 : 257-282, 1989

21 Warner, Natasha, "Incomplete Neutralization and Other Sub-phonemic Durational Differences in Production and Perception: Evidence from Dutch" 32 : 251-276, 2004

22 Trubetzkoy,Nikolai.S, "Grundzuge der Phonologie" 7 : 5-268, 1939

23 Gow,David W, "Feature Parsing: Feature Cue Mapping in Spoken Word Recognition" 65 (65): 574-590, 2003

24 Wright,Susan, "Electropalatorgraphy in the Study of Connected Speech Processes" 3 : 49-57, 1989

25 Gow,David W, "Does English Coronal Place Assimilation Create Lexical Ambiguity?"" 28 : 163-179, 2002

26 Mitterer,Holger, "Coping with Phonological Assimilation in Speech Perception: Evidence for Early Compensation" 65 : 956-969, 2003

27 Cairns, Paul, "Bottom-up Connectionist Modelling of Speech, in Connectionist Models of Memory and Language" UCL Press 289-310, 1995

28 Gow,David W, "Assimilation and Anticipation in Continuous Spoken Word Recognition" 45 : 133-159, 2001

29 Gow,David W., "Acoustic Modification in English Place Assimilation" 1999

30 Kerswill,Paul E, "A Sociophonetic Study of Connected Speech Processes in Cambridge English: An Outline and Some Results" 4 : 1-39, 1985

31 Barry,Martin, "A Palatographic Study of Connected Speech Processes" 4 : 1-16, 1985

32 Ladefoged,Peter, "A Course in Phonetics (Fifth edition)" Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich 2006