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다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines how extensive trash is in Joyce’s works, how close the relationship between his literature and trash is, and how significant this is in his aesthetics. Probably, Mr. Duffy in “A Painful Case” lives the farthest away from the world of trash. The hidden overripe apple in his desk symbolizes his abhorrence of trash. His orderly and austerely furnished room reflects his monkish habits. On the other hand, rejecting the priesthood, Stephen in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man accepts his vocation as an artist. The bird-girl wading the sea serves his epiphany and the seaweed attached to her leg will appears as trash in Ulysses, as if to suggest that his art would be closely connected with it.
Stephen confronts the world of trash while walking along the beach at Sandymount strand in Ulysses. The beach is a place of deposition, heavy with waste. Stephen compares sands with language; the objects scattered there are the signs to be read. Joyce’s art will be about these objects accumulated from the past. It is worth noting that the distinction between “letter” and “litter” collapses here. Joyce writes that his head is full of rubbish, and this connection between waste and mind is illustrated in Finnegans Wake. The mind of Shem, possible avatar of Joyce, is described as the seashore full of flotsam and jetsam. It is interesting to see that the landscape of the artist’s mind is similar to the littered shoreline as mentioned above. Further, Shem’s literary output is associated with the excrement of his body. The relationship between these two is emphasized when Bloom defecates while reading a story in the jake. Here Bloom’s dung is confused or almost identified with the literary work.
Joyce can be compared to the writer of the letter in Finnegans Wake who had “to see life foully,” to present life fully no matter how foul it is. He writes in his letter, “the odour of ashpits and old weeds and offal [hang] around” his stories, and this shows his desire to tell the truth as he saw and smelled it.

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참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Henke, Suzette, "Women in Joyce" The Harvester P 82-107, 1982

2 Viney, William, "Waste: A Philosophy of Things" Bloomsbury 2014

3 Devlin, Kimberley J., "Wandering and Return in Finnegans Wake: An Integrative Approach to Joyce’s Fictions" Princeton UP 1991

4 Joyce, James, "Ulysses: The Corrected Text" Random House 1986

5 Gifford, Don, "Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce’s Ulysses" U of California P 1988

6 Lewis, Wyndham, "Time and Western Man" Black Sparrow Press 1993

7 Bénéjam, Valérie, "The Reprocessing of Trash in Ulysses: Recycling and (Post)creation" 5 (5): 130-140, 2004

8 Horan, Julie L., "The Porcelain God" Carol Publishing Group 1996

9 Epstein, Edmund L., "The Ordeal of Stephen Dedalus: The Conflict of the Generations in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" Southern Illinois UP 1971

10 Lurz, John, "The Death of the Book: Modernist Novels and the Time of Reading" Fordham UP 2016