우리나라 職業女性에 對한 實態調査分析 = An Analysis of Working Abilities of Female Workers in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the liberation of Korea from Japanese rule in 1945, the attitude of korean Women toward their employment and role in society have changed due to the impact of Western cultural ideas. The tragedy of the Korean War greatly accelerated female economic activities; Furthermore, because of Korea's first three Economic Development Plans, the industrial structure was expanded and the occupational structures became more specialized, larger laber force with higher qualifications needed to carry on economic development. Therefore, the need for the development of "woman power" is essential in view of the great potentiality of women in korea to contribute significantly to the industrialization and modernization of the country.
At present, employed Korean women represent 36.5% of the female population, which shows that the participation of women in the labor force is large and promising. It is the goal of the Korean government to employ 420,000 more skilled female laborers by 1976. Although the chang in industrial structure due to the high degree of economic growth profoundly influenced the female status at home and in society, most of the women in korea are still employed in simple, non-skilled work regardless of their education and abilities.
Women employed in professional fields now number approximately 94,000 constituting 19.9% of the total professionally employed. While the ratio of working females to the total work force in Korea is similar to that of other countries, the percentage of women in professional fields, which is only 2.6% of the total female labor force, in Korea is smaller than that of other countries. But it is difficult to hope for the advancement of the female status if women continue to work for lower pay than men in what is regarded to be purely "women's field". It only adds a cheap labor force to the inevitable trend of a modern industrial society. It is, therefore, necessary to demand equal pay equal work and increase the number of professionally employed women; which is the core of all the female laborers.
This study deals with the present situation of female laborers and their social and political consciousness, and participation within the context of the advancement of social status of females in Korea. It is the purpose of this study to compare similarities and differences, including their working abilities between men and women, before and after marriage. In this survey, the researcher selected four fields of employment to analyze: private industries, journalism, banking, and government service in Seoul. The research included surveys based on questionaires and interviews with administrative managers. The researcher concluded that female laborers have less creative minds, less endurance, and less patience than their male counterparts, and are generally less competitive than men are. Because of this lack of competitiveness, Korean women have difficulties in promotions or in other types of advancement, and in retirement. Women should have rightful job consciousness and a sincere attitude toward their jobs. They should be proud of their role in the development of their country.
Korean female laborers also face difficulties in the combination of homenmaking functions with employment although their length of services with employers are much longer. The dual role of mother and career woman requires the deep understanding of the family and society in general. The modernization of living conditions should be accelerated in order to reduce their work load at home.
Open door policies on the part of employers for the rehiring of working women after marriage and childbearing should be encouraged. Re-education to upgrade their qualifications is also an important factor to be considered. It is also necessary to have job training to suit each individual and new fields of profession should be explored. The legal protection of female employees after marriage and equal opportunity for those who aspire to work are the two cardinal problems to be solved.
Female labor problems are not the only problems women are concerned with, but those of home and advancement of social status as well. The government should strive for the betterment of women's status through policy considerations. Employers and society in general have to render support for the working female with broad under standing and conscious effort; with tangile proof. The women's liberation movement brought the problem of working women to the attention of the world. With the heightening of the movement, the women's problems should be reconsidered; and women themselves have to consider the significance of their being and their role in society by grasping each problem as their own; and endeavor to establish self-identity with deep realization of their role; and try to find satisfaction and self-fulfillment.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 序論
• 2. 硏究方法과 範圍
• 3. 應答者의 一般的 特性
• 4. 女性의 職場進出에 對한 價値觀
• (1) 婦人의 職業에 대한 態度
• (2) 딸의 職業에 대한 態度
• (3) 職場에서 女性에 대한 態度
• 5. 職場에서 女性과 男性의 能力比較
• (1) 獨創性
• (2) 勤勉性
• (3) 忍耐性
• (4) 努力
• (5) 疲勞에 견디는 힘
• (6) 反復作業에 대한 흥미
• (7) 敎育訓練에 대한 效果
• (8) 集團作業의 適合性
• (9) 進級에 대한 觀心
• 6. 成年期 前後로 본 能力의 差異
• (1) 移動率
• (2) 缺勤率
• (3) 敎育訓練의 效果
• 7. 結論